1. PLS 623: Physiology of Plants II Spring Semester 2014 Jan Smalle (jsmalle@uky.edu)jsmalle@uky.edu

2. Journal club format Why? -Practice how to prepare papers and express ideas correctly. -Training in science debate. -Practice presentation: research seminar.

5. TARGETED PROTEIN DEGRADATION Lectures: January 15, 17 Exam: January 22

8. Central dogma of genetics

9. Regulation of an organisms differentiation and responses to the environment are the result of changes in gene expression. OLD THEORY: Regulation of gene expression is predominantly controlled at the transcription level. NEW THEORY: Regulation of gene expression is the result of a combination of protein synthesis (transcription/translation) and protein degradation controls.

10. DNARNA PROTEIN Light Light responses EXAMPLE Day/night cycle: day light activates gene expression

11. DNARNAPROTEIN ???? Dark Light responses ? Day/night cycle: During night time, light-inducible genes are down-regulated However, regulatory proteins that promote the light response need to be removed in the dark. Otherwise, they would interfere with the dark response.

12. Photomorphogenesis HY5: a transcriptional activator of photomorphogenic development 5 days old Arabidopsis seedlings grown under a range of light intensities Light intensity (Osterlund et al., 2000) Western blot using HY5 antiserum

13. Ethylene signaling EIN3: a transcriptional activator of ethylene responses 4 days old Arabidopsis seedlings grown in the dark on a range of concentrations of the ethylene precursor ACC (Guo and Ecker, 2003) Western blot using EIN3 antiserum

14. Proteolysis Errors:Misfolded:Cleaved:AA supply:Regulation: PRQTEINPRO T EIN PRO +PROTEIN P R O T E I N PROPROTEIN P R Q T E I N P R O T E I N PROTEIN P R O T E I N

15. Non-specific Proteolysis PROTEIN P R O T E I N P R O T E I N P R O T E I N P R O T E I N P R O T E I N P R O T E I N

16. Specific or Targeted Proteolysis PROTEIN P R O T E I N

17. Conditional Proteolysis PROTEIN P R O T E I N DARK

18. Conditional Proteolysis PROTEIN * Kinase Phosphatase P R O T E I N Many cases of conditional proteolysis involve secondary modifications of target proteins. For example: phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.

19. Conditional Proteolysis PROTEIN * Kinase Phosphatase P R O T E I N Many cases of conditional proteolysis involve secondary modifications of target proteins. For example: phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.

20. Conditional Proteolysis PROTEIN P R O T E I N Signal Receptor * X?

24. [Vierstra, 2003 TIPS]