1. American Regionalism and Realism 1860-1920(ish)

2. What is Realism? A faithful representation of reality in literature, also known as “verisimilitude.” Emphasis on development of believable characters. Written in natural vernacular, or dialect. Prominent from 1860-1890.

3. Realist Writers Mark Twain William Dean Howells Henry James Edgar Lee Masters Stephen Crane

4. Why did Realism develop? The Civil War The urbanization and industrialization of America As a reaction to Romanticism Increasing rates of democracy and literacy The emerging middle class Upheaval and social change in the latter half of the 19 th century

5. What is Regionalism? Often called “local color.” Focuses on characters, dialect, customs, topography, and other features specific to a certain region (eg. the South) Coincided with Realism and sharing many of the same traits. Prominent from 1865-1895.

6. Regionalist Writers Kate Chopin— South Mary E. Wilkins- Freeman—New England Mark Twain—West Willa Cather— Midwest

7. THE IMPORTANCE OF HUCKLEBERRY FINN Huckleberry Finn is a turning point in the pattern of American literature Twain was the first writer to successfully employ the use of vernacular

8. USE OF OFFENSIVE WORDS Particularly the “N- Word” Twain is speaking through the consciousness of Huck and using his words to convey the flavor of contemporary society Not meant to be insulting

9. The River River (uncivilized) – peaceful and easy, yet not totally without danger Shore (civilized) – cruel, authoritarian, hypocritical Paradox – Small, confined raft yet it represents freedom

10. Picaresque Novel heroic journey in which a character goes on a journey to discover himself Book is based around a series of episodes that helps to shape the character

11. Major Themes Conflict between individual and society – Huck’s struggle with his “deformed conscience” Appearance vs. reality Superstition Tolerance vs. prejudice Dehumanization Coming of age – the hero’s journey