1. ITC Sudan Project Geoffrey T. Fong, Ph.D. Department of Psychology University of Waterloo ITC-TTURC Project Annual Meeting Portland, Oregon—March 1, 2008

2. Sudan—Background Information Population = 41,236,378 Income Group = LOW Tobacco Prevalence (2005): Adults: NO ADULT DATA AVAILABLE Youth (From GYTS): Males 18.0%; Females 10.1% FCTC Status: Signed Jun 10, 2004; Ratified Oct 31, 2005 FCTC Policies: – Warning Labels: U.S.style – Smoke Free: No law – Ad/Promo: “Complete ban”; Enforcement = 1/10

4. Sudan—Background Information Population = 41,236,378 Income Group = LOW Tobacco Prevalence (2005): Adults: NO ADULT DATA AVAILABLE Youth (From GYTS): Males 18.0%; Females 10.1% FCTC Status: Signed Jun 10, 2004; Ratified Oct 31, 2005 FCTC Policies: – Warning Labels: U.S.style – Smoke Free: No law – Ad/Promo: “Complete ban”; Enforcement = 1/10 – Price: $5.38/pack; 7%; Taxes = ???

5. Why Sudan? First country in Africa Highly divergent geographical regions: North vs. South Low-income country, but with an excellent research centre (with strong connections globally) No information on (adult) prevalence of tobacco use Interesting mix of tobacco types: cigarettes, shisha, toombak

6. Major non-cigarette forms of tobacco use

7. Why Sudan? First country in Africa Highly divergent geographical regions: North vs. South Low-income country, but with an excellent research centre (with strong connections globally) No information on (adult) prevalence of tobacco use Interesting mix of tobacco types: cigarettes, shisha, toombak Women are predominant shisha smokers Economic changes in Sudan: (1) greater interest from the industry in this market? (2) changes in smoking patterns over time Sudan is a party to the FCTC: policies are being planned; opportunity to make direct contributions to the shape of those policies

8. ITC Sudan Survey 6 sampling areas: 5 cities and surrounding urban areas: – Central: Khartoum – North: Red Sea State (Port Sudan) – East: Al Jazeera State (Wad Medani) – West: North Kurdofan State – South: Juba + Internally displaced persons camp (IDP) In each area 500-600 tobacco users (cigarettes, shisha, toombak) and 200-300 non-users Face-to-face interviewing; multistage cluster sampling design Planned 10 minute short interview and 30-45 minute long interview; face-to-face Full enumeration of households—>prevalence estimates 3 annual survey waves

9. ITC Sudan Survey—Research Team Epilab—Dr. Asma El Sony, Director (past President of the International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Diseases—recipient of the Bloomberg Initiative’s research grants program funding)

10. ITC Sudan Survey—Funding Currently seeking funding: need about $140K/year Asma El Sony is optimistic about possibilities for funding – World Bank—>Sudan: $10,000 in first year – IDRC – DFID – Bloomberg

11. ITC Sudan Survey—Challenges Very good team, with good record, but unclear about how the interviewing team will work with our challenging protocol: training and quality control will be critical Literacy and comprehension issues with the population; need to pilot test the survey (probably multiple iterations) Challenges of conducting surveys among some very poverty-stricken areas, including the IDP camps Language issues (although the Sudan team members are quite fluent in English)