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To Kill A Mockingbird Harper Lee
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Author Information Nelle Harper Lee (born April 28, 1926) is an American novelist known for her 1960 Pulitzer Prize-winning novel To Kill A Mockingbird. Lee was born in the small, southwestern Alabama town of Monroeville. The youngest of four children, Lee was born to Amasa Coleman Lee and Frances Cunningham Finch Lee. Her father worked as a newspaper editor as well as a lawyer and eventually served on the Alabama State Legislature from 1926- 1938.
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Author Information As a child, Lee was a tomboy yet a committed reader. She also enjoyed a childhood friendship with Truman Capote. After graduating from high school in Monroeville, Lee enrolled at Huntingdon College in Montgomery (1944-1945).
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Author Information After Huntingdon, Lee pursued a degree in law from the University of Alabama (1945-1949). While there, she wrote several student publications and spent a year as editor of the campus humor magazine, Rammer Jammer.
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Author Information Though she did not complete her law degree, she pursued studies for a summer in Oxford, England before eventually moving to New York City in 1950. In New York, Lee worked full time as a reservation clerk for Eastern Airlines. She worked with the airline until the late 1950s when she devoted herself full time to writing. She lived a frugal lifestyle, traveling between her cold-water- only apartment in New York and her family home in Alabama to care for her ailing father.
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Author Information Having only written several long stories, Lee was hesitant to begin a career as a writer; however, within a year, she had completed the first draft of the novel that would bring her world-wide acclaim. Working closely with her editor, she completed To Kill A Mockingbird in the summer of 1959.
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Author Information The novel was first published on July 11, 1960. It became an immediate bestseller and won her critical acclaim. In 1961, she won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction. Today, there are over 15 million copies in print, and a 1999 poll voted To Kill A Mockingbird as the “Best Novel of the Century”
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Author Information “I never expected any sort of success with Mockingbird. I was hoping for a quick and merciful death at the hands of the reviewers but, at the same time, I sort of hoped someone would like it enough to give me encouragement. Public encouragement. I hoped for a little, as I said, but I got rather a whole lot, and in some ways this was just about as frightening as the quick, merciful death I’d expected.” Harper Lee, 1964
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Author Information After the success of Mockingbird Lee accompanied Truman Capote to Holcomb, Kansas to assist him in researching what they thought would be an article on a small town’s response to the murder of a farmer and his family. Capote expanded the material into his best-selling book, In Cold Blood. Since the publication of Mockingbird Lee has granted almost no requests for interviews or public appearances, and with the exception of a few short essays, she has published no further writings. She did work on another novel for years, eventually filing it away as unpublished.
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Author Information In 1962, Mockingbird was transformed into a wildly successful film, starring Gregory Peck as Atticus Finch. The film won two Academy Awards for Screenplay (Horton Foote) and Best Actor (Gregory Peck).
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Author Information
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Southern Gothic Literature Southern Gothic Literature is a subgenre of the Gothic writing style. It relies on the supernatural, ironic or unusual events to guide the plot. Often it uses these tools (characters) to explore social issues and reveal the cultural character of the American South. Many Southern Gothic writers avoid general southern stereotypes like “the demure Southern belle,” “the chivalrous gentleman,” or “the righteous Christian preacher.” Instead the author presents the characters in a more modern and realistic manner.
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Southern Gothic Literature One of the most notable features of Southern Gothic Literature is “The Grotesque.” This includes situations, places or stock characters that possess negative qualities (i.e. – racial bigotry, self-righteousness). Many writers use flawed characters to further highlight the unpleasant nature of Southern culture.
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Southern Gothic Literature William Faulkner 1897-1962 The Sound and the Fury As I Lay Dying Absalom, Absalom! Light in August “A Rose for Emily”
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Southern Gothic Literature Flannery O’Conner 1925-1964 Wise Blood The Violent Bear It Away A Good Man Is Hard to Find and Other Stories Everything That Rises Must Converge
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Southern Gothic Literature Tennessee Williams 1911-1983 A Streetcar Named Desire Cat on a Hot Tin Roof The Glass Menagerie
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Southern Gothic Literature Truman Capote 1924-1984 In Cold Blood Breakfast at Tiffany’s
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Southern Gothic Literature Cormac McCarthy 1933- Child of God All the Pretty Horses No Country For Old Men
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The Scottsboro Boys The case of the Scottsboro boys arose in Scottsboro, AL during the 1930s when nine black youths (ranging from 16-20) were accused of raping two white women. The trial is considered one of the worst American judicial travesties.
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The Scottsboro Boys All the defendants were found guilty and sentenced to death. Despite the fact that one of the woman denied being raped, the appeals courts found them guilty as well. Finally the case was appealed all the way to the Supreme Court where the sentences were overturned. All of the defendants were eventually acquitted, paroled and pardoned after serving years in prison.
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Setting The American Civil War (1861-1865) had staggering and long- lasting effects on the nation. More than 600,000 Americans were killed. Property damage was enormous, especially in the South. Many Southern cities, factories, plantations and railroads lay in ruin. Between 1865-1877 the Union restored relations with the Confederate states in hopes of rebuilding the South. Reconstruction was only partially successful. The South lagged behind the rest of the nation economically, largely remaining an agricultural area.
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Setting During Reconstruction, there was a lack of support from most Southern whites. Many Southern whites could not accept the idea that former slaves were now landowners as well as voters and eventually holding office. In time, Southern whites regained control of their state legislature and many of the rights slaves had won were quickly taken away. Lee’s fictional small town of Maycomb is an isolated setting. The outside perspective and industrialization has changed it little. Maycomb’s citizens, by and large, hold the same opinions as their grandparents.
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Setting The story begins in the summer of 1933 and ends on Halloween night, 1935. The country is faced with widespread poverty and unemployment due to the Great Depression. Former slaves work as field workers or house servants, whereas white land owners grow and trade crops. Both groups are cash poor. Situated 20 miles southeast of the nearest river and more than 30 miles from Selma, Maycomb is slow to respond to any type of change. Because of location, new ideas and newcomers are not easily accepted.
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