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Chapter 17 – From Gene to Protein 1909 – Garrod : First to suggest that genes dictate phenotypes through enzymes that catalyze specific chemical processes in the cell.
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Figure 17.1 Beadle and Tatum’s evidence for the one gene-one enzyme hypothesis
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ONE GENE-ONE POLYPEPTIDE HYPOTHESIS WHY POLYPEPTIDE INSTEAD OF PROTEIN?
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Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 1)
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Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 2)
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Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 3)
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Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 4)
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Figure 17.2 Overview: the roles of transcription and translation in the flow of genetic information (Layer 5)
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RNA
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Figure 17.3 The triplet code
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Figure 17.4 The dictionary of the genetic code
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TRANSCRIPTION http://www.ncc.gmu.edu/dna/transcri.htm
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Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 1)
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Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 2)
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Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 3)
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Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: initiation, elongation, and termination (Layer 4)
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Figure 17.6 The stages of transcription: elongation
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Figure 17.7 The initiation of transcription at a eukaryotic promoter
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Figure 17.8 RNA processing; addition of the 5 cap and poly(A) tail
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Figure 17.9 RNA processing: RNA splicing
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Figure 17.10 The roles of snRNPs and spliceosomes in mRNA splicing
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Figure 17.11 Correspondence between exons and protein domains
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TRANSLATION http://www.ncc.gmu.edu/dna/initiati.htm Go through all the steps of translation at site
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Figure 17.12 Translation: the basic concept
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Figure 17.13a The structure of transfer RNA (tRNA)
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Figure 17.13b The structure of transfer RNA (tRNA)
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Figure 17.14 An aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase joins a specific amino acid to a tRNA
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Figure 17.15 The anatomy of a functioning ribosome
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Figure 17.16 Structure of the large ribosomal subunit at the atomic level
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Figure 17.17 The initiation of translation
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Figure 17.18 The elongation cycle of translation
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Figure 17.19 The termination of translation
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Figure 17.20 Polyribosomes
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Figure 17.21 The signal mechanism for targeting proteins to the ER
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Table 17.1 Types of RNA in a Eukaryotic Cell
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Figure 17.22 Coupled transcription and translation in bacteria
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Figure 17.23 The molecular basis of sickle-cell disease: a point mutation
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Figure 17.24 Categories and consequences of point mutations: Base-pair insertion or deletion
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Figure 17.24 Categories and consequences of point mutations: Base-pair substitution
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Figure 17.25 A summary of transcription and translation in a eukaryotic cell
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