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Online – animated web site 5Storyboard.htm.

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Presentation on theme: "Online – animated web site 5Storyboard.htm."— Presentation transcript:

1 Online – animated web site http://www.sciencegeek.net/Biology/review/U 5Storyboard.htm

2 Name Date Period Take notes here Summary – one summary at the end Questions “Cornell Style” Chapter 12 DNA

3 Function of DNA: §Stores genetic information. §Tells a cell what to do. “instructions”, “directions”, “recipe” Structure: Double helix made of nucleotides Nucleotide made of 3 parts. 1. 5-carbon sugar (Deoxyribose) 2. Phosphate group 3. Base

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5 Bases: PurinesPyrimidines AdenineThymine GuanineCytosine hydrogen bonds “GCAT”

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8 1. DNA unzips 2. Base pairs attach 3. 1 / 2 old & 1 / 2 new “to copy”

9 DNA replication CATG C CAAGG GGACTTTC

10 CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one

11 DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one

12 DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one C G A T DNA nucleotides

13 DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one G C

14 DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GG CC covalent bond formed catalyzed by DNA polymerase

15 DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GAG CTC

16 DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GAGC CTCG

17 DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GATGC CTACG

18 DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GATGCT CTACGA

19 DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GATGCTC CTACGAG

20 DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GATGCTTC CTACGAAG

21 DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC one strand acts as template for a new one GATGCTTCC CTACGAAGG

22 DNA replication CATGCAAGG CGGACTTTC “semiconservative” replication GATGCTTCC C TACGAAGG old strand new strand

23 RNA Function: To move genetic information from the nucleus to the cytoplasm. Structure: Made of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, base) 3 Types of RNA 1. “messenger” mRNA – transcribes DNA’s message 2. “ribosomal” rRNA – translates the mRNA 3. “transfer” tRNA – carries amino acids

24 Difference between RNA & DNA 1. The sugar is Ribose in RNA 2. RNA is single stranded 3. RNA uses Uracil instead of Thymine

25 DNA G C T A RNA C G A U

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27 (Protein Synthesis) 1.mRNA is transcribed from DNA 2.mRNA leaves nucleus 3.mRNA travels to a ribosome 4.the ribosome (rRNA) translates the mRNA 5.tRNA brings the correct amino acid 6.the amino acids link together to form a protein “To Make”

28 Nuclear membrane tRNA Amino acid Protein Cell membrane Ribosome 1 2 3 4 5 6

29 CATG C CAAGG GGACTTTC info.DNA strand

30 CATG C CAAGG GGACTTTC info.DNA strand code for an amino acid

31 CATG C CAAGG GGACTTTC info.DNA strand code for another amino acid

32 transcription CGGACTTTC CUAG info.DNA strand RNA nucleotides

33 transcription CGGACTTTC C info.DNA strand

34 transcription CGGACTTTC C info.DNA strand C covalent bond formed catalyzed by RNA polymerase

35 transcription CGGACTTTC CU info.DNA strand C

36 transcription CGGACTTTC CUG info.DNA strand C

37 transcription CGGACTTTC CUG info.DNA strand CA

38 transcription CGGACTTTC CUG info.DNA strand CAA

39 transcription CGGACTTTC CUG info.DNA strand CGAA

40 transcription CGGACTTTC CUAG info.DNA strand CGAA

41 transcription CGGACTTTC info.DNA strand CUAGCGGAA

42 transcription CGGACTTTC CUAG info.DNA strand C G GAA part of messenger RNA

43 mRNA CUAGCGGAA Every 3 bases is a code “CODON” for an amino acid. Codon

44 How does the tRNA know what amino acid to bring? §It uses the genetic code table.

45 1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

46 CUAGCGGAA site on ribosome codon mRNA

47 1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

48 1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

49 1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

50 CUAGCGGAA AGG proline mRNA tRNA amino acid codon anticodon

51 1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

52 1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

53 1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

54 CUAGCGGAA AGG proline UUC glutamate mRNA

55 CUAGCGGAA AGG proline UUC glutamate peptide bond forms mRNA

56 CUAGCGGAA AGG proline UUC glutamate tRNA released mRNA

57 1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

58 1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

59 1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

60 CUAGCGGAA proline UUC glutamate CUC

61 CUAGCGGAA proline UUC glutamate CUC Protein

62 Termination of protein synthesis §3 STOP codons §protein released

63 1st Base the genetic code 2nd Base 3rd Base U C A G phenylalanine leucine isoleucine methionine valine serine proline threonine alanine tyrosine STOP histidine glutamine asparagine lysine aspartate glutamate cysteine STOP tryptophan U C A G arginine serine glycine U C A G U C A G U C A G U C A G

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