1. TEST ON THURSDAY, MARCH 7 DNA REVIEW ANSWERS

2. QUESTION #1 What are the 3 parts of a DNA nucleotide? Sugar – deoxyribose Phosphate group Nitrogen base – A, G, C, or T

3. QUESTION #2 During DNA replication, what will the complementary strand be if the parent strand is GCATTG? CGTAAC

4. QUESTION #3 What is the shape of a strand of DNA? Double helix

5. QUESTION #4 What are the 3 differences between RNA and DNA? Sugar is ribose instead of deoxyribose Uracil instead of thymine Single-stranded instead of double

6. QUESTION #5 Match the following. mRNA – contains the code for making proteins tRNA – bring the amino acids to the ribosome rRNA – make up the main part of a ribosome

7. QUESTION #6 What are introns? Sections of RNA that do not code for the protein (“in the way”) What are exons? Sections of RNA that do code for the protein (“expressed”)

8. QUESTION #7 Which nitrogen bases are pyrimidines? Cytosine, uracil, and thymine (CUT) Which one are purines? Adenine and guanine

9. QUESTION #8 What is transcription? Making RNA from DNA

10. QUESTION #9 What is translation? Making the proteins from the mRNA (“translating the code”)

11. QUESTION #10 Match the following. Replication – making a copy of the DNA Transcription – making RNA from DNA Translation – making a protein from the mRNA

12. QUESTION #11 Where in the cell does translation occur? ribosomes Where in the cell does transcription occur? nucleus

13. QUESTION #12 Complete the following base pairing rules for DNA: Adenine – thymine Guanine – cytosine Cytosine – guanine Thymine – adenine

14. QUESTION #13 How many bases make up a codon? 3

15. QUESTION #14 How many codons are needed to get 5 amino acids? 5

16. QUESTION #15 How many codons are there? 64 How many amino acids are there? 20

17. QUESTION #16 If you are given the DNA: GACCTTGGAACT, what would the mRNA be? CUGGAACCUUGA

18. QUESTION #17 Which amino acid has the codon UGC? Cysteine (Cys)

19. QUESTION #18 Which type of RNA has an anticodon? Transfer RNA (tRNA)

20. QUESTION #19 Match the following. Insertion – an extra nucleotide is added Deletion – a nucleotide is left out Point mutation/substitution – one nucleotide is substituted for another

21. QUESTION #20 The genetic code in DNA depends on the order of the bases.

22. QUESTION #21 Match the following. Watson & Crick – discovered the structure of DNA Avery – showed that DNA is the transforming factor Griffith – studied transformation in pneumonia

23. QUESTION #22 What percentage of DNA codes for proteins/polypeptides? 1-2%

24. QUESTION #23 What is the anticodon for the codon UGC? ACG

25. QUESTION #24 What is the start codon in DNA? TAC

26. QUESTION #25 What is the start codon in RNA and what amino acid does it code for? AUG Methionine (Met)

27. QUESTION #26 What does adenine pair with in RNA? uracil

28. QUESTION #27 Fill in the table below. DNARNA Type of sugardeoxyriboseribose Nitrogen basesA, G, C, TA, G, C, U Single or double stranded doublesingle