1. Chap 22 Evolution

5. Cuvier tried to explain the fossil record by using the idea of Catastrophism.

6. Cuvier – Catastrophism Catastrophies explain the different layers of fossils Cuvier – Catastrophism Catastrophies explain the different layers of fossils Hutton - Gradualism Geological processes take thousands of years Hutton - Gradualism Geological processes take thousands of years Lyell - Uniformitarianism - geologic processes work the same now as in the past 1. Earth is very old 2. Slow change can result in substantial change over time Lyell - Uniformitarianism - geologic processes work the same now as in the past 1. Earth is very old 2. Slow change can result in substantial change over time

9. Evolutionary Theory Theory of Use and Disuse Theory of Acquired Characteristics Evolutionary Theory Theory of Use and Disuse Theory of Acquired Characteristics

10. 5 Parts to Darwin’s Theory of Evolution There is always variation in the population There is always a struggle for existence Some characteristics allow for some individuals to survive and reproduce better than others These characteristics are heritable It takes many generations for change to occur

11. Food Supply Arithmetic Food Supply Arithmetic Populations Geometric Inc Logrithmic Exponential Populations Geometric Inc Logrithmic Exponential Thomas Malthus

19. (Transitional Species: fossils show change over time) Homologous Structures : Comparable structures that have taken on different functions as a result of modification from a common ancestors (Artificial Selection of domestic species) 8. Vestigial Organs Degenerated organs that have lost all or most of its original function 9. Adaptive Radiation Rapid adaptation of one ancestral organism to a wide range of environments leads to the formation of many new species

26. Changes in environment can affect survival and change overall the population’s characteristics.

27. Transitional Species

29. Descent with modification

31. Homologous Structures

33. Vestigial Organ

39. Biogeography is the science which deals with geographic patterns of species distribution and the processes that result in such patterns species

40. Present

42. Darwin expected the plants on the Galapagos to resemble those found in Europe, why was this not so?

50. Adaptive Radiation in Hawaiian Honeycreepers

51. Lines of Evidence for Evolution Domesticated Species/ Artificial Selection Transitional Species/ Fossil record Homologous structures Vestigial structures Embryological Structures Biogeographical evidence Biochemical evidence - DNA, Protein, Amino Acid Sequencing Adaptive radiation

52. Unrelated organisms adapt to similar environmental conditions