2. 过去完成时

3. By the time I got outside, the bus had already left. had already left.

4. the policeman get to the shop Tom run away By the time the policeman got to the shop, Tom had run away.

5. Speaking--freely : By the time… or When… Liu Mei wake upthe concert be over By the time Liu Mei woke up, the concert had been over.

6. his grandma come from America Li Ming grow up By the time his grandma came from America, Li Ming had grown up.

7. 2006 2011 learn 4000 English words By the end of…… By the end of 2006, I had learned 4000 new words.

8. The Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时 1. 过去完成时的构成 助动词 had ( 用于各种人称和数 ) + 过去分词 When I got to school, the bell had rung. 2. 过去完成时的用法 : 主要是表示在过去某个时间, 或是动 作之前已经发生或完成的动作. 也就 是过去的过去.

9. The Past Perfect Tense 过去完成时 3. 常用的几种方式 : 用介词 by, before 等构成的时间短语. 用连词 when, before, after 或者短语 by the time 引导的时间状语从句. We had learnt 20 English songs by the end of last month. The plane had taken off when I reached the airport. By the time I got up, my brother had left home.

10. 常用动词的过去式和过去分词 play played played work worked worked leave left left say said said go went gone be was/were been take took taken get got gotten start started started

11. break broke broken speak spoke spoken drive drove driven see saw seen eat ate eaten give gave given know knew known grow grew grown

12. 1. We ___________(learn) two thousands words by the time I went to Middle School. 3. When we _______(arrive) at the station, they __________(wait) for more than twenty minutes. had learned arrived had waited 2. I ___________ (know) him when I was a student. had known 4. One of the men didn’t move, because he __________ (break) his legs. had broken

13. 5.By yesterday evening he _______________ that important letter.(write) 6.I thought I _______ the man before.(meet) 7.By six o’clock they ____________ for ten hours.(work) 8.I went to Nick’s house,but he ____________ out.(go) 9.I ________________ the problem when class was over. (not understand) had written had met had worked had gone hadn’t understood

14. 口语练习 1.a.I got up. My brother was in the shower already. b.By the time I got up,my brother ____________ in the shower already. 2.a.I ran outside to the bus stop. The bus was gone. b. 3.a.I got home. I realized that my homework was still at school. b. had gotten By the time I ran outside to the bus stop, the bus had already gone. When I got home,I realized that I had left my homework at school.

15. 4.a.I woke up. My clock stopped two hours ago. b. 5.a.I got to the cinema at 8. The film started at 7:30. b. 6.a.I got to the party.Jim went home an hour ago. b. By the time I got to the cinema, the film had already started. By the time I woke up, my clock had stopped for two hours. When I got to the party, Jim had already gone home.

16. 一、表现形式 1. 基本形式： had + 过去分词。 2. 否定形式： had + not + 过去分词 (had not 照样可缩 写 hadn't) 。 3. 一般疑问形式： had 提到句首，回答用 Yes, 主语 + had. / No, 主语 + hadn't. 例如： — Had he told you to go there earlier yesterday? 他 昨天告诉过你早点儿到那儿吗？ — Yes, he had. / No, he hadn't. 是的，他告诉了。 / 不， 他没有。 4. 被动语态形式： had + been + 过去分词。 如： When I got there, the windows had been broken.

17. 二. 用法 1. 过去完成时表示一个动作或状态在过去某一时间或 动作之前已经结束或完成. 它表示的动作发生的时间 是 “ 过去的过去 ”. I had written the article when they came. 2. 表示一个动作或状态在过去的某一时间之前已经开 始, 一直延续到这一过去时间. They had worked for 12 hours by 6 o’clock this morning.

18. 明显标志 : 1. 句中有 by 引导的过去时间状语 : By the time we got there, all the other guests had arrived. 2. 与过去完成时连用的时间状语有 already, yet, still, never 等. They had already left before I returned.

19. 1. Kate's never seen Chinese films ， ____ ? A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she 1. Kate's never seen Chinese films ， ____ ? A. hasn't she B. has she C. isn't she D. is she 2.-Ann has gone to Shanghai. -So ______her parents. A. has B. had C. did D. have 3. -Mum, may I go out and play basketball? -______you______ your homework yet? A. Do; finish B. Are; finishing C. Did; finish D. Have; finished

20. 4.His brother has been to Stone Fores twice______he came to Yunnan. A.after B. before C. since D. for 5. Tom______the CD player for two weeks. A. has lent B. has borrowed C. has bought D. has had 6. I______a letter from him since he left. A. didn't receive B. haven't got C. didn't have D. haven't heard

21. 7. -Have you ever______Lintong to see the Terra Cotta Warriors? -Yes, I have. A.went to B. gone to C. been in D. been to 8. My parents ______ Shangdong for ten years. A.have been in B. have been to C. have gone to D. have been 9. I won't go to the concert because I ____my ticket. A. lost B. don't lose C. have lost D. is coming

22. 1.When I_____( get) there, the Smiths already____(have) their dinner. 2.By the end of last year they _____(produce) more than 500,000 tractors. 3.Tom_____(read) at least 20 novels in the past year. 4.He_____(work) on a farm for 3years before he became a shopkeeper.

23. 7.My brother _____ (join) the army in 1989. He ______(be) a soldier for over 3 years. 10.I ______(know) Mr.Li since I_____(come) to study in this school. 11. So far, Irving ___ (live) in New York City for ten years.