1. Examples of Genetic Drift, Gene Flow & Selection

2. Genetic Drift – nonselective & random Founder EffectBottle Neck Effect When a few individuals become isolated from large population establishing a new population. The new population’s gene pool differs from the original Sudden change in environment drastically reduces the size of a population By chance alone alleles represented are different from the original population

3. Northern Elephant Seal http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evosite/evo101/IIID3Bottlenecks.shtml

4. Achromatopsia – Pingelap Atol http://islander01.weebly.com/ http://curiositychronicles.tumblr.com/post/6108866789 /curious-about-achromatopsia http:/www.color-blindness.com/2011/11/14/living- with-total-color-blindness-documentary-island-of- the-colorblind//

5. Deafness on Martha’s Vineyard http://www.sorensonvrs.com/aware2012_pres erving http://historytrendsanddeafeducation.pbworks.com/w/page/185706 45/Martha's%20Vineyard Jonathan Lambert, 1694

6. Polydactyly in Amish http://nell-rose.hubpages.com/hub/Polydactyly-The-curious-Congenital-Anomaly-found-In-Humans

7. Type O blood in American Indians http://anthro.palomar.edu/synthetic/synth_5.htm

8. Gene Flow The transfer of alleles into or out of a population due to the movement of fertile individuals or their gametes

9. Gene Flow in Plants http://bch.cbd.int/cpb_art15/training/module3.shtml

10. Gene Flow in Humans http://www.bbc.com/news/magazine-27159697 “Thousands of children were fathered by American Servicemen during the Vietnam war.”

11. Gene Flow between Animals http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2011/05/110525131711.htm

12. Selection Consistently increasing the frequency of alleles that provide reproductive advantage and thus lead to adaptive evolution

13. Stabilizing Selection https://darwinbookcats.wordpress.com/2011/06/22/stabilizing-selection-and-a-stable- environment/

14. Directional Selection http://legacy.hopkinsville.kctcs.edu/instructors/Jason-Arnold/VLI/Module%203/Module3Evolution/Module3Evolution8.html

15. Disruptive Selection https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/test-1-set-8-evolutionary-processes/deck/1100896

16. Sexual Selection Intersexual (mate choice) Intrasexual (competition) http://wallace.genetics.uga.edu/groups/evol3000/wik i/543e6/Sexual_SelectionConflict.html http://www.zoology.ubc.ca/~otto/PopGen500/ Discussion3/Overheads.html

17. Balancing Selection Heterozygote Advantage Frequency-Dependent Selection http://biology- forums.com/index.php?action=gallery;sa=view;id=696 http://bio.research.ucsc.edu/~barrylab/classes/ev olution/NS_H2.HTM