1. Chapter 14 Later Explorers and continuing changes

2. News of the Discovery April 1 1493 – News of Columbus’ discovery printed in Barcelona Spreads due to printing press 1503 – Florentine Amerigo Vespucci writes “Mundus Novus” singing the praises of the new world Spanish soon realize the Caribbean not very rich in precious metals Turn attention to North and South America

4. Spain and Viceroyalties 1494 - Treaty of Tordesillas divides Spanish and Portuguese claims to new territories Spanish crown appoints governors or Viceroys to govern large and wealthy territories

5. Later explorers and “Conquistadors” 1519 – Hernan Cortes arrives in present day Mexico with 600 men. In 3 years subdues Aztec empire 1531-1536 – Francisco Pizarro repeats Cortes’ success in Peru and crushes the Inca Empire and establishes vice royalty of Peru

6. Tenochtitlan

7. Phillip II of Spain (r. 1556 – 1598) Son and Heir of Charles V Inherited Spain, the Netherlands, Naples Also King of Spain’s Possessions in the new world Devout Catholic Married to Mary I of England Tries to invade England with Armada, fails miserably Phillip II in "Elizabeth the Golden Age"

8. Phillip II’s European Domains

9. And further afield…

10. The Complicated King Ruled from El Escorial outside of Madrid Phillip II attempted to: Subdue Dutch Revolts Conquer England Fight off Ottoman advances in the Mediterranean Conquer the New World

11. Golden Century of Spain 1500s (16 th cent) Between 1503 and 1650 – 16 million Kilos of silver and 185,000 kilos of gold enter Spain through Seville Thanks to influx of precious metals from new world, Spanish influence reverberates through Europe through its military victories and resurgent Catholicism Phillip II costly wars and debts transmit inflation to the rest of Europe Prices rose steeply in Spain ending Golden Age 1588 – Defeat of Spanish Armada signals beginning of the end of Spanish Power in Europe, will concentrate on maintaining overseas empire

12. Cities in Flanders and the Netherlands become trading capitals of bullion from the New World

13. Non-Spanish Explorers The Netherlands – 1602 Dutch East India company becomes organ of Dutch imperialism and expansion Asia. Dutch West India Company makes gains in Caribbean France – 1534 – 1541 – Jacques Cartier explores St. Lawrence river of present day Quebec (Canada) England – 1497 John Cabot explores present day Newfoundland and New England

15. The Great European Witch-Hunt Period of Religious wars leads to increase in witch hunts Witches were thought to be in collusion with the Devil “HERESY!” Estimate 100,000 people executed, nearly all were women

16. The Essay: Michel de Montaigne The essay: a literary genre created to express one’s thoughts and ideas Comes from the French verb: essayer: to try French philosopher Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592)is credited with making popular Seen as a skeptic that questioned world around him Religion Politics Society

17. Elizabethan and Jacobean Literature Shakespeare seen as the master of English literature Found favor with Elizabethan royal court with plays such as : Julius Caesar Hamlet Othello Macbeth Romeo and Juliet King James orders new translation of the Bible King James Bible provides a superb expression of English vernacular