1. IAFS 1000 Introduction to the Middle East

2. Major themes? Paternalism Unplanned empire Partition Nation-state Eur control of local soc (collab/resist) Conflict Cultural division

3. Today’s Lecture Background on Islam British empire in ME Ottoman empire Khilafat movement

4. Country Muslim Population Percentage of Muslims 1Indonesia228,582,00088.20% 2Pakistan172,800,00097% 3Bangladesh162,221,00087% 4India160,945,00013.4% 5Egypt79,089,00090% 6Nigeria78,056,00050% 7Iran76,923,00098% 8Turkey73,723,00099% 9Sudan43,939,00070% 10Algeria34,895,00099%

5. Islam http://www.al-islam.org/gallery/photos/d8.gif ال له = الله = “the God” جهاد = “struggle, striving” Allah Jihad = Not monolithic

6. British Interests in the Middle East Access to India — 1869: Suez Canal Oil –1908: oil discovered –1911: Royal Navy reliance on oil Preserving status quo http://www.lib.utexas.edu/maps/world_maps/t xu-oclc-264266980-world_pol_2008-2.jpg

7. Ottoman Empire Centered in modern Turkey Young Turks –WWI: Aligned with Germany –1915-16 Armenian genocide 1920: Treaty of Sevres –power vacuum filled by Br and Fr “mandates”

8. Khilafat Movement: Significance Pan-Islam Western fears Role today?

9. Al Qaida and the Caliphate http://web.archive.org/web/20050305074732/www.usdoj.gov/ag/manualpart1_1.pdf Al Qaida training manual

10. Khilafat Movement Shock of 1857 Indian Muslim pride in Ottoman empire –sultan as caliph (spiritual leader of [Sunni] Muslim umma) –movement to protect caliphate –Indian vs. Turkish vs. Arab views 1924: Turkish abolition of caliphate

11. Khilafat Movement (cont.) Lasting symbolic power Br fear of Muslim unrest Muslim recognition of this fear Intl Muslim protest as powerful tool

12. Islam http://www.al-islam.org/gallery/photos/d8.gif ال له = الله = “the God” جهاد = “struggle, striving” Allah Jihad = Not monolithic