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Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Chapter 6 Interest Groups American Government: Policy & Politics, Eighth Edition TANNAHILL.

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Presentation on theme: "Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Chapter 6 Interest Groups American Government: Policy & Politics, Eighth Edition TANNAHILL."— Presentation transcript:

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2 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Chapter 6 Interest Groups American Government: Policy & Politics, Eighth Edition TANNAHILL

3 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 In This Chapter We Will Cover: Types of interest groups Interest group tactics The strength of interest groups

4 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 What Is an Interest Group? Interest Groups are organizations of people who join together voluntarily on the basis of some interest they share for the purpose of influencing policy.

5 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Types of Interest Groups Business Groups and Trade Associations –These are the most numerous and most potent of America’s interest groups. (ex. Citicorp, American Bankers Association)

6 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Types of Interest Groups Labor Unions –Today 12 percent of the civilian labor force belongs to a union. (ex. AFL-CIO)

7 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Types of Interest Groups Agricultural Groups –Farming groups are influential on farm issues at the national level and in state legislatures in farming states. (ex. American Farm Bureau)

8 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Types of Interest Groups Professional Associations –These associations are concerned with public policies that affect their members. Doctors, lawyers, realtors and other professionals form professional associations. (ex. AMA)

9 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Types of Interest Groups Racial and Ethnic Minority Groups –Organizations that represent the interests of racial and ethnic minorities are an important political force in most big cities and in states where minority populations are large enough to translate into political power. (ex. NAACP)

10 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Types of Interest Groups Religious Groups –Throughout American history, religious organizations have been active in the policy process. Today, the most active, religiously oriented political groups are associated with the religious right. (ex. Christian Coalition) The religious right refers to individuals who hold conservative views because of their religious beliefs.

11 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Types of Interest Groups Citizens’, Advocacy, and Cause Groups –Citizens’ groups are organized to support policies believed to benefit the public at large. (ex. Common Cause)

12 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Types of Interest Groups –Advocacy groups seek benefits on behalf of groups of persons who are in some way incapacitated or otherwise unable to represent their own interests.

13 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Types of Interest Groups –Cause groups are organizations whose members care intensely about a single issue or small group of related issues. (ex. National Right to Life Committee, National Abortion Rights Action League)

14 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Interest Group Tactics Electioneering - seeking policy influence by participating in the electoral process –Endorsements –Educating members –Contributing money through a PAC

15 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 PAC Contributions, 2002

16 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 PAC Contributions by Party

17 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Interest Group Tactics Lobbying is communicating by a representative of an interest group to government officials to influence policy decisions.

18 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Interest Group Tactics Creating public pressure involves generating public support for a group’s policy then focusing it on policymakers. Protest demonstrations - Groups that cannot afford public relations experts and advertising costs pursue their goals by means of protest demonstrations.

19 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Interest Group Tactics Litigation - A number of groups have become expert in the use of litigation. Often groups have emphasized litigation when other avenues of redress were closed to the group’s efforts. Political violence - Some groups employ unconventional methods to achieve their goals.

20 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 The Strength of Interest Groups The policymaking influence of interest groups depends on several factors. >Alliances with political parties >Alliances with members of Congress and executive branch officials >Public opinion >Unity among groups representing the same cause >Opposition from other groups

21 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Concluding Review Questions What are the major types of interest groups in the United States and what are their goals? Why are business groups and trade associations more influential than other types of groups? What strategies do interest groups employ to influence outcomes?

22 Pearson Education, Inc., Longman © 2006 Concluding Review Questions What approaches do lobbyists take to influence policymaking? What role do interest groups play in the policymaking process?

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