1. River Civilizations of Egypt

2. Pyramids of the Nile

3. Cultural Hearth: Nile River Valley

4. Lower Egypt – Lower Egypt – land upstream Upper Egypt – Upper Egypt – land to the south

5. The Gifts of the Nile

6. 1. Water - food 2. Transportation 3. Protection 4. Sense of security & confidence

7. Egypt’s History Old Kingdom 2700-2200 B.C. Old Kingdom 2700-2200 B.C. Age of prosperity and splendor Age of prosperity and splendor Middle Kingdom 2050-1652 B.C. Middle Kingdom 2050-1652 B.C. “golden age of stability” “golden age of stability” New Kingdom 1567-1085 B.C. New Kingdom 1567-1085 B.C. Egypt became and empire Egypt became and empire

8. 1. Cities Established in the Nile River Valley at the tip of the delta – the point at which the Nile divides Established in the Nile River Valley at the tip of the delta – the point at which the Nile divides Cairo Cairo Giza Giza Saqqara Saqqara

9. 2. Government Theocracy – “God-Kings” Theocracy – “God-Kings” Dynasty Dynasty

10. Pharaohs

11. Famous Pharaohs Hatshepsut – first woman pharaoh Hatshepsut – first woman pharaoh Akhenaton – worshiped only one god – Aton (god of the sun disk) Akhenaton – worshiped only one god – Aton (god of the sun disk) Tutankhamen – “King Tut” – restored the worship of multiple gods Tutankhamen – “King Tut” – restored the worship of multiple gods

12. King Tut Only Pharaoh found with his treasure

15. Ramses II Ruled 60 years Ruled 60 years Put Egypt back on the offensive Put Egypt back on the offensive Wars and building projects weaken Egypt Wars and building projects weaken Egypt New Kingdom collapses 1085 BC New Kingdom collapses 1085 BC

16. Ramses II

17. Cleopatra VII Tried to reestablish Egypt’s independence Tried to reestablish Egypt’s independence Involvement with Rome led to suicide & defeat Involvement with Rome led to suicide & defeat Egypt became part of Rome’s empire Egypt became part of Rome’s empire

18. 3. Religion Polytheistic Polytheistic Gods associated with heavenly bodies & natural forces – sun gods & land gods (p. 46, 47) Gods associated with heavenly bodies & natural forces – sun gods & land gods (p. 46, 47) No word for religion – inseparable from their world No word for religion – inseparable from their world

19. Mummification Anubis, god of mummification

20. Pyramids as tombs

21. 4. Social Structure Upper class pharaoh, nobles, priests Middle class – merchants, artisans, scribes, tax collectors Lower class – peasants who farmed the land & military service

22. 5. Writing Emerged around 3000 BC Emerged around 3000 BC Hieroglyphics – “priest carvings” or “sacred writings” Hieroglyphics – “priest carvings” or “sacred writings” Hieratic script Hieratic script papyrus papyrus

23. Greek The Rosetta Stone Hieroglyphics

24. 6. Art & Science Pyramids, temples, monuments Pyramids, temples, monuments Math and engineering Math and engineering Accurate calendar Accurate calendar Effective medicine Effective medicine

25. Abu Simbel