1. Human Anatomy and Physiology
Reproduction in males

2. Reproduction Dormant until puberty Manufacture and delivery of sperm
Hormones : testosterone, gonadotropic hormones, androgens

3. Male overview Accessory glands
Seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland

4. Sperm production Formed in seminiferous tubules (non-motile)
Travel along epididymis (6 meters - 4 days travel)
Stored (up to 1 month) in epididymis (motile)
Sertoli cells and epididymis secrete hormones and nutrients

5. Accessory glands Semen = sperm plus secretions 1. Seminal vesicles
60% semen volume
Yellow fluid (pH 3 - 7)
Fructose and citric acid (nutrients)
Prostaglandins (decreasing cervical mucus, reverse peristalsis of uterus and fallopian tubes)

6. Accessory glands 2. Prostate gland 3. Bulbourethral gland
30% semen volume
Alkaline fluid (neutralizes citric acid and female vaginal acidity)
3. Bulbourethral gland
Alkaline solution (neutralizes acid urine in male urethra)

7. Mature sperm

8. Spermatogenesis regulation
GnRH released
LH and FSH release
FSH works on Sertoli cells (sustentacular) causing ABP release
LH causes release of testosterone
Spermatogenesis is enhanced
Inhibin released by Sertoli cells inhibits release of GnRH

9. Hormonal effects 1. Increase in growth of genitalia
2. Facial hair, axillary hair (chest, pubis, back)
3. Baldness
4. Voice: enlargement of the larynx
5. Skin: increase in thickness, oil glands
6. Muscle: increase in growth
7. Bone: increase in thickness

10. Sperm delivery
Erection - parasympathetic reflex from sacral region of spinal cord
Relaxes smooth muscle
Arteries dilate, simultaneous constriction of veins
Blood rushes into erectile tissue
Inhibitors: alcohol inhibits higher brain function

11. Sperm delivery
Ejaculation: sympathetic control. Nerve discharge from nerves on L1 and L2
Result
contraction of reproductive ducts and accessory glands
bladder sphincter muscle contract
smooth muscles surrounding penis contraction