1. The Life and Times of Anitvirals By: Karen Summers Louise Pilsbury Jasmine Delaine Irfan Mekic Bethannie Jamerson

2. Viruses What are they!!! VirusBacteria 20x smaller than bacteriaThe smallest bacteria is equal to the biggest virus Are not CellularHave a cell wall and nucleus Do not feed, excrete and grow Bacteria are living things Uses cell material of invaded cell to reproduce Bacteria use cellular division Has a capsidDoes not have capsid

3. Viruses, What are they!!!

4. How do they Spread? Viruses are spread the same way as bacteria They can be spread through: – Touch – Coughing/ Sneezing – Body fluids Blood, saliva, ect. Ex: hepatitis or AIDS

5. How do Viruses Work? 1.Virus inject RNA/DNA into host cell’s cytoplasm 2.Uses the host cell to replicate 3.The new cell releases virus or infected cell 4.Change in cell structure causes symptoms

6. How Viruses Work

7. Antiviral and How it Work Antiviral: Drug acting against viruses Antiviral prevent the reproduction of viruses by: – Blocking reverse transcriptase enzyme activity with host cell – Alter host cells genetic material – Block ribosomes, preventing the virus from multiplying – Alter viruses’ binding site Alter viruses’ binding site – Prevent virus from entering/ leaving the host cell

8. Examples of Antiviral’s Acyclovir – Works by altering the Cell’s genetic material – Structured similarly to a building block of DNA, tricking the virus into using it as a building block for viral DNA

9. Examples of Antiviral’s Amantadine – Works against influenza virus – Works by inhibiting enzyme active site, preventing virus from leaving the cell – The enzyme is needed to allow the viruses to stick to the host cell as it leaves

10. How do AIDS work? The virus invades white blood cells, specifically T-Cells – T-cells usually activate cells in immune system Once inside cell, it makes viral-DNA from its RNA The viral-DNA is programmed to make more viral particles and our released into the blood stream when the cell dies

11. AIDS HIV AID is a difficult virus to treat This is because: – It attacks the white blood cells – billions of copies are made which allows for small mutations making the drugs ineffective. – Virus hides within host cells, sometimes dormant

12. Treatments for AIDS Non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors – Disable protien needed for hiv to replicate – Ex. Sustiva Protease Inhibitors – Disable protease – Ex. Reyataz Fusion inhibitors – Block HIV’s entry into cell – Ex. Fuzeon Integrase Inhibitors