1. PORTUGAL By: Mary Feit, Oscar Juarez, Brenda Martinez and Xochytl Nuñez

2. OBJECTIVE ONE: WHAT LED TO EUROPEAN EXPLORATION  Desire for new sources of wealth (main reason)  Trade of spices and luxury goods from Asia  Introduced during the crusades fought between Christians and Muslims  After the crusades Europeans still wanted spices

3. EUROPEANS SEEKING NEW TRADES ROUTES  Desire for new sources of wealth main reason for exploration.  Trade of spices and other luxury goods from Asia was what merchants and traders hoped to profit from.  Types of spices demanded were; nutmeg, ginger, cinnamon, and pepper because they added flavor to food. Asians  Muslims  Italians  Other Europeans

4.  Early Portuguese explorer  The first European to sail around the southernmost tip of Africa  Set sail in 1487  His voyage opened the saw route to Asia through the Atlantic & Indian Ocean  He was the last at sea when he reached the Cape of Good Hope  “To serve God and His Majesty to give light to those who are in darkness and to grow rich as all men desire to do.” BARTOLOMEU DIAS

5. CHRISTIANITY AND EXPLORATION  Desire to spread Christianity also motivated Europeans to explore  European countries believed they were obliged to convert non- Christians around the world  Not only did they wants goods from Asia they also hoped to convert them.

6. OBJECTIVE TWO: PORTUGAL’S DISCOVERY OF A SEA ROUTE TO ASIA  Prince Henry took lead  Began in 1415  Where he helped conquer Muslim city in North Africa. That’s when it all started he got a glimpse at it and found gold and many more spices that he could use back at home.

7. PRINCE HENRY  Called the navigator, the son of Portugal’s King,  Consumed by the quest to find new lands and spread Christianity  Used his own fortune to organize voyages  He died in debt  The Portuguese spent crown spent more than 60 years paying of his debts.  Helped conquer the Muslim city of Ceuta in North Africa

8. VASCO DE GAMA  Portuguese explorer  Commander of the first ships to sail directly from Europe to India  He filled his ships with spices like pepper and cinnamon and returned in 1499  His voyage of 27,000 miles gave Portugal a direct sea route to India

9. PORTUGAL’S TRADING EMPIRE  Portugal built a trading empire throughout the Indian Ocean  In 1509, Portugal took control of the spice trade from the Muslim merchants  Portugal broke the old Muslim-Italian domination on trade from the East, to the benefit of the Europeans. Portuguese merchants brought back Asian goods at about one-fifth of the price compared to the cost when purchased through the Arabs and Italians. As a result, items were more affordable for more Europeans

10. OBJECTIVE THREE: THE RIVALRY BETWEEN SPAIN AND PORTUGAL AND HOW THE POPE RESOLVED IT  Spain was jealous of Portugal because of how advanced they were becoming. So they also wanted a direct route to Asia.  Tried to compete in Africa and Asia but they couldn’t then Columbus accidently found America.  Portuguese were worried that Spain had found Asia and tensions got worse  Pope Alexander VI made the Treaty of Tordesillas

11. FERDINAND MAGELLAN  Portuguese explorer  He worked under King Charles I of Spain to find a westward route to the Spice Islands.  He led the first expedition to cross the Pacific Ocean and to circumnavigate the world.

12. TREATY OF TORDESILLAS  Signed on June 7, 1494.  It divided all of the lands outside of Europe between Spain and Portugal.  The line of demarcation was made halfway between the Cape Verde islands and the islands discovered by Christopher Columbus.

13. TECHNOLOGY/TOOLS IN EXPLORATION  Advance in technology  New Vessel called Caravel adopted from the Arabs. Triangular sails for maneuverability and square sails for power.  Used the astrolabe to better their location and direction. A Chinese invention that Muslims perfected

14. PORTUGUESE IN AFRICA  In 1415, Prince Henry conquered the city of Ceuta in North Africa  In Ceuta, the Portuguese found pepper, cinnamon, cloves, and other spices as well as gold, silver, and jewels.  In 1460, the Portuguese had established trading posts along western Africa’s shores.  Eventually, they began to trade African captives to be used as slaves

15. PORTUGUESE IN BRAZIL  In 1500, Cabral claimed the land of Brazil for Portugal.  The colonists began settling Brazil’s costal region in the 1530s.  The settlers began to grow sugar on giant sugar plantations.  Europe had a high demand for sugar  In time, the colonists pushed farther west into Brazil, giving them even more land for the production of sugar.

17. WORKS CITED  "Bartolomeu Dias." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 03 Apr. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012..  "Prince Henry of Portugal." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 24 Feb. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012..  "Vasco De Gama." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 03 Jan. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012..  "Treaty of Tordesillas." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 21 Feb. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012..  "Ferdinand Magellan." Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 26 Feb. 2012. Web. 05 Mar. 2012..  Beck, Roger B. World History: Patterns of Interaction. Evanston, IL: McDougal Littell, 2009. Print.