1. Birth of Exploration

2. Trade New spices like Cinnamon, Pepper, Cloves and others were found in the east and were desired by wealthy people. European merchants were interested in finding a route to the east that bypassed the Arab traders who were charging them high prices. The birth of exploration. God, Gold, and Glory

3. The Renaissance This was a period of spiritual and intellectual growth. Artistic creativity. Means "Rebirth" in French. Renewed interest in classical Greek and Roman learning. It encouraged Europeans to pursue new ideas. Paved the way for Exploration and Discovery

4. Powerful Nations 1400's population increase in Europe. Development of large Nation-States expanded trade. Strong Monarchs came to power in Spain, Portugal, England and France. They established national laws, courts, taxes, and armies. Ways to be stronger, wealthier and increase trade. Mercantilism: Economic theory that trade generates wealth. Trade=Wealth/Power

5. Technology - Cartographers, or map makers improved their skills by reports from explorers and and Arab trading. - Longitude and Latitude developed, ocean currents used. - Astrolabe, measured the position of the stars to determine latitude and longitude. - Compass invented by the Chinese and acquired by Europeans.