1. The Effects of Gender, Race, and Occupational Structure on the Earnings of Immigrant Women: A Preliminary Discussion by Lori Wilkinson Department of Sociology University of Manitoba PCERII Annual Planning Meeting, Feb. 10-11, 2006

2. Study 1 The Short-, Medium-, and Long-Term Labour Market Adjustment of Immigrant Women: Canada and the United States Compared What factors influence the short-, medium-, and long-term economic integration of immigrant women in Canada and the United States? Do these factors differ between Canada and the United States and/or by stage of integration?

3. OLS Regression of Income: Long-term Immigrant Women, US & Canada

4. Study 1: Findings Returns on education are greater for native-born women than immigrant-born women in both countries, though convergence over time is observed Fertility rate and presence of children under 6 years: mixed results—negatively affecting short- and medium-term immigrant women Region of settlement: there is an association between income and region of settlement which may influence where immigrants settle Visible minority status negatively affects income in the short- and medium-term, but the effect is smaller among long-term immigrant women.

5. Study 2 The Effects of Gender, Race, and Occupational Structure on the Earnings of Immigrant Women 1.Does the gender and racial component of occupational structures affect the earning outcomes of immigrant women in Canada? 2.How do gender and race influence the occupational structure and earnings outcomes of immigrant women in the US? Are these influences different?

6. OLS Regression (Wages) by Occupation for Immigrant and Canadian-born Women, 2001 (DRAFT VERSION)

7. Policy Implications Priority Six: Economic outcomes for immigrants and minorities in the context of domestic economic restructuring, changes in labour demand, changes in immigration sources and growing international mobility. Priority Eleven: Managing migration flows and integrating immigrants and their descendants that will result from demographic change and globalization, notably economic integration and technological change.

8. Financial and Other Support Tracey Peter PhD candidate Renuka Chaturvedi, MA Student Prairie Centre of Excellence for Research on Immigration and Integration Winnipeg Area Study