1. Part 4: THE CRITICAL LENS
Reading and Writing for Critical Analysis
There is NO multiple-choice for this section so take your time on the writing.
This is the last section…you are almost
done. Stay focused, dig deep.

2. The Critical Lens What is your task?
Write a critical essay in which you discuss two works of literature
In your essay, provide a valid interpretation of the Critical lens
Agree or disagree with the statement as you have interpreted it
Support your opinion using specific references to appropriate literary elements from the two works.

3. Development
The ideas are elaborated using SPECIFIC and RELEVANT evidence
Did you use specific details from the text?
Did they support your main idea?
Did you avoid plot summary?
Did you include at least 5 (five) paragraphs?
Do those paragraphs explain the relevance of Literary Elements as Related to Your Thesis?

4. Organization Shape Direction Coherence
Did you have an Introduction, 3-4 body paragraph(s), and Conclusion?
Did you Include Your TAGs for Each Literary Work
Remember CIA-Thesis Format for Introduction
Direction
Did you state your point, then support it, then conclude?
Coherence
Did you stay focused, use a wide range of details, develop ideas clearly?
Did you use transitional words and phrases?

5. Meaning The response shows: Sound understanding of the task
Did you know what they asked?
Interpretation
Did you show you understood… AND AVOIDED PERSONAL PRONOUNS?
Analysis
Did you discuss BOTH texts, not just Summarize?
Did you use at least 7 (seven) literary elements throughout the Entire Essay?

6. Use titles you know!
Such as……..

8. MEMORIZE... TAG for Each Work You Study
Major Literary Elements such as:
Characterization
Theme
Conflict
Symbolism
STUDY Lens Review Packets
Go On Spark Notes to Review ANALYSIS Sections

9. Lord of the Flies WilliamGolding
Here is a chart that you could fill out for review:
title
author
characters & setting
summary & symbols
theme
Lord of the Flies
WilliamGolding
Ralph
Jack
Piggy
Simon
Roger
Boys crash on an island; no adults; w/o rules of society they become increasingly savage;
start to turn on each other; Ralph tries to stand up to Jack; the boys are afraid of the ‘beast’; Piggy and Simon are killed
symbols:
conch = law and order
fire = unchecked power
glasses = wisdom or understanding
It is man who is capable of every evilness.
Mankind’s path of war / technology is killing wisdom and spirituality, without which mankind will be plunged into savage destruction.

10. So first, read the quote..
“…the strongest man upon earth is he who stands most alone.”
-Henrik Ibsen
“An Enemy of the People”
From Ghosts: An Enemy of the People: The Wild Duck, 1890
Then ask yourself, what do I think this means?
Take your time. Think about it. Write down some thoughts on your scrap paper. BRAINSTORM!

11. “…the strongest man upon earth is he who stands most alone. ”
“…the strongest man upon earth is he who stands most alone.” Henrik Ibsen
“An Enemy of the People”
From Ghosts: An Enemy of the People: The Wild Duck, 1890
So what do you think?
(student sample): Those who are isolated in their lives develop an inner strength that cannot be rivaled by the more engaged in society.
Now agree or disagree with what you have decided it means.
Decide what works of literature you can use to support
your opinion.

12. Select your titles and make some notes.
“…the strongest man upon earth is he who stands most alone.” Henrik Ibsen
“An Enemy of the People”
From Ghosts: An Enemy of the People: The Wild Duck, 1890
Select your titles and make some notes.
Lord of the Flies The Scarlet Letter
William Golding Nathaniel Hawthorne
Character of Ralph Character of Hester Prynne
wants to keep order * ostracized by society
isolated in sense and ᇫ Symbol of Letter
wisdom * redemption through
strength to resist sacrifice
ends up standing * required great inner alone strength

13. BUT No Personal Pronouns
How to begin….
According to Henrick Ibsen, “The strongest man upon earth is he who stands most alone.” In other words, those who are isolated in their lives develop an inner strength that cannot be rivaled by those more engaged in society. Loneliness can challenge the human spirit to triumph over adversity. This idea is clearly evident in the novels The Lord of the Flies by William Golding and The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne. In both of these works of literature, the protagonists find a tremendous degree of inner strength and power as they drift farther away from being considered accepted members of society.
Restate the Critical Lens
Interpret the quote:
State what you think
the quote is saying
BUT No Personal Pronouns
Name and TAG the two books you are going to use and their authors
Make Thesis Statement that includes both works. Statement must be Specific, Provable and Arguable.

14. Student Body Paragraph
Introduce title and author, link to Critical Lens
Specific details
about Ralph’s
Characterization – Plus Theme and Symbolism
Good language:
ostrasized,
nemesis,
espouses a more
savage form of life
Tyranny
Link to the
Interpretation to
the Critical Lens
In The Lord of Flies, William Golding depicts a character in Ralph whose strength develops as he is further ostrasized from society. On an island inhabited by a large group of young children, Ralph attempts to establish a civil form of life for the duration of their stay. Ralph is characterized as a strong leader who establishes order on the island, but as more and more children begin to follow Jack, Ralph’s nemesis and antagonist, chaos erupts. Jack and his savages wander the island, hunting pigs, setting up forts, and ultimately ensuing the lives of true barbarians. As fear of the symbolic “beastie” mounts, tensions on the island elevate, and Jack’s followers increase in numbers due to a desire for protection from what lies atop the island’s hills. Ralph, on the other hand, finds himself isolated in his wisdom and sensibility, both major themes in the novel. While all other boys lose their senses of humanity, Ralph realizes that fear, the true monster, exists within all of them.

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