1.  European architecture hum2461 14 th, 15 th and 16 th centuries Instructor: Ericka Ghersi

2. Events  1403: The settlement of the Canary Islands signals the beginning of the Spanish Empire. 1403: The settlement of the Canary Islands signals the beginning of the Spanish Empire.  1415: Henry the Navigator leads the conquest of Ceuta from the Moors marking the beginning of the Portuguese Empire. 1415Henry the Navigatorconquest of Ceuta MoorsPortuguese Empire  1429: Joan of Arc ends the Siege of Orléans and turns the tide of the Hundred Years' War. 1429Joan of ArcSiege of OrléansHundred Years' War

3. Events  1438: Pachacuti found the Inca Empire. 1438PachacutiInca Empire  1440–1469: Under Moctezuma I, the Aztecs become the dominant power in Mesoamerica. 14401469Moctezuma IAztecsMesoamerica  1450s: Machu Picchu constructed. 1450sMachu Picchu

4. Events  1453: The Battle of Castillon is the last engagement of the Hundred Years' War and the first battle in European history where cannons were a major factor in deciding the battle. 1453Battle of CastillonHundred Years' War  1469: The marriage of Ferdinand II of Aragon and Isabella I of Castile leads to the unification of Spain. 1469Ferdinand II of Aragon Isabella I of CastileSpain  1481: Spanish Inquisition begins in practice with the first auto-da-fé. 1481Spanish Inquisitionauto-da-fé

5. Events  1492: Boabdil's surrender of Granada marks the end of the Spanish Reconquista and Al- Andalus. 1492BoabdilGranadaReconquistaAl- Andalus  1492: Jews expelled from Spain. 1492JewsSpain  1494: Spain and Portugal sign the Treaty of Tordesillas and agree to divide the World outside of Europe between themselves. 1494Treaty of Tordesillas

6. Architecture FRENCH ARCHITECTURE (14 th, 15 th, and 16 th centuries)

7. Best expression of 14 th century: NOTRE DAME DE PARIS (1163-1323) Medieval architecture

8. Best expression of 16th century: CHARTRES CATHEDRAL (1140-1500 CE) Medieval architecture

9. Architecture ITALIAN ARCHITECTURE (14 th, 15 th, and 16 th centuries)

10. Best expression of 11 th and 12 th centuries

11. Piazza del Duomo. Leaning Tower of Pisa. Tower of Pisa (1173) Construction started the year 1092. 177 years of construction. Medieval architecture.

12. Best expression of 16 th and 17 th centuries The Papal Basilica of Saint Peter (1506-1626 CE) Renaissance and Mannerist architecture

13. Architecture SPANISH ARCHITECTURE (14 th, 15 th, and 16 th centuries) Still under Muslim influence

14. Islamic conquest of the Christians (711-1492CE)  Muslim Arabs conquered and occupied the Iberian Peninsula for nearly 800 years.  Moors called the territory Al Andalus (what is now Spain and Portugal)  Middle ages. Crusades.  Reconquest starts with the formation of the kingdom of Asturias by the Visigoths.  By 1249, the reconquest of Portugal was complete by the crusaders.

15. Map of the Muslim Conquest of Hispania 711 CE

16. Map before 1492 (15 th century) 1492 CE

17. Architecture of Al-Andalus (711-1492 CE) 1. January 2, 1492 is the end of the Muslim Conquest of Hispania. 2. Mudejar style: Best expressions of architecture belong to this period. 3. In Romanesque, Gothic and Renaissance architecture, builders used elements of Islamic art.

18. Mudejar style  Symbiosis of techniques and ways of understanding architecture resulting from Muslim and Christian cultures.  Brick as the main material.  Developed complicated tiling patterns.  Dominant geometrical character.  The Alcazar of Seville is considered one of the greatest surviving examples of the style.

19. Historic facts 1. 1492: Emir Muhammad XII surrendered the Emirate of Granada to Queen Isabella I of Castile. 1492: Emir Muhammad XII 2. Isabella I of Castile and Ferdinand II of Aragon were the Catholic Monarchs.Ferdinand II of AragonCatholic Monarchs 3. The cultural and social contributions under Muslim rule still persist in Al-Andalus.

20. Santa Maria del Naranco (848 CE) Visigothic architecture Belongs to the Kingdom of Asturias (North)

21. The Great Mosque of Cordova (784 CE)

22. Alhambra, Granada (1237 CE)

23. Alcazar of Seville (ca 1212 CE)

24. The Spanish Square (Seville, Andalusia)

25. Alcazar of Seville (inner courtyard)

26. www.hum2461.wordpress.com end of slide show