2. Planets II

3. Temperature  Radio Observations  Measure intrinsic radiation of planet in far infrared Planetary Observations

4. Temperature Variations Annual  Inclination of the pole  Eccentricity of the orbit Planetary Observations

5. Inclination and Eccentricity i e  Mercury0°0.206  Venus177.40.007  Earth23.450.017  Mars23.980.093  Jupiter3.080.048  Saturn26.730.054  Uranus97.920.047  Neptune29.60.009  Pluto1180.249

6. Temperature Variations Diurnal  Rotation Rate Earth and Moon Comparison Earth - 24 hours period  T = 20 - 25 degrees Moon - 28 day period  T = 450 degrees Planetary Observations

7. Temperature Variations Diurnal  Rotation Rate  Atmosphere cloud cover Greenhouse Effect Planetary Observations

8. Greenhouse Effect Surface 95% CO 2 atmosphere Sun Visible Light IR radiated by surface

9. Temperature Variations Diurnal  Rotation Rate  Atmosphere cloud cover Greenhouse Effect Planetary Observations  Oceans  Albedo

10. Magnetic field requirements  Fluid interior  Rapid Rotation Planetary Observations

11. The Earth’s Magnetic Field Outer Core Inner Core Mantle

12. Earth’s Magnetic Field

13. Aurorae

14. Normal Magnetic Fields

15. Unusual Magnetic Fields

16. Interior heating mechanisms  Original heat of formation  Radioactive decays  Tidal heating Planetary Observations

17. The Galilean Satellites IoEuropaCallistoGanymede

18. Atmospheres Existence Twilight Extension “Horns” on the crescent phase Composition UV Spectroscopy Planetary Observations

19. Crescent Venus

21. Inferior Conjunction of Venus

22. Planetary Spectra

23. Planetary Atmospheres H2H2 Jupiter Saturn Uranus Neptune CO 2 Mars Venus N2N2 Earth Titan None Mercury Pluto

24. End of Section