2. The Nationalist Party: Guomindang国民党
The return of Sun Yat-sen
Soviet advisors: Mikhail Borodin
“democratic centralism” and party organization
Sun’s Ideology revisited: the Three Principles of the People
Factions: rightist, leftist, center/military

4. Chiang Kai-shek (Jiang Jieshi) 蒋介石(1888-1975)
A military man
Underworld connections in Shanghai
Heads the Whampoa military academy in 1924
A centrist: but distrustful of the left, of Soviets, and of Chinese communists
Heads the National Revolutionary Army of the Nationalist Party

5. Chiang Kai-shek in power
Skillful negotiator, can play warlord politics quite well
Close links with financial base in Shanghai= he has $$
“Blue Shirts”: Fascist group with sworn loyalty to Chiang

7. The National Revolution: Mass Movements
Social component of the revolution, led by Chinese Communist Party and leftist Nationalist Party members
Rural: Farmers Movement Training Institute, Farm Associations
Rent reduction campaigns, increasing violence against landlords and rural elites
Cities: massive labor strikes
Emphasis on class struggle

8. Fallout and Effects of the National Revolution
Removes or Weakens warlords, reunifies China under the Nationalist Party-state
End of the Alliance with Chinese Communists, abandonment of many social goals of revolution
Bloody suppression, particularly in Shanghai, Nanjing, Canton
Death or banishment of many talented revolutionaries
Start of the “Nanjing Decade” of Nationalist rule from

9. Accomplishments
Economics: beginnings of a modern industrial sector, mining, manufacturing, electricity production
Infrastructure development: highways and railroads
Foreign relations: removal of tariffs
Experiments in Local government

10. Failures and Shortcomings
Authoritarian rule: no more mass movements
Military domination of government
No program for rural China
Ineffective administration
Poor tax system
Social costs: (more to come next week)