1. Status and Prospective of HIRFL Experiments on Nuclear Physics Hushan Xu Institute of Modern Physics, CAS, Lanzhou 73000 KITPC: Relativistic Many-body Problems for Heavy and Superheavy Nuclei Jun 8-Jun 27, 2009 Beijing

2. OUTLINE Introduction to HIRFL –Beam facilities –Experiment sites Present Status & prospective of the equipments for nuclear physics experiment –SHANS: SHN, dripline neclei, atomic physics, … –RIBLL1: spectroscopy and reaction of exotic nuclei, nuclear astrophysics, … –CSRe: high precision mass and decay measurements, atomic physics with HCI, … –ETF: RIB related physics, high density nuclear matter,… Summary & Future Development

3. Introduction to HIRFL: Beam facilities N CSRm CSRe SFC SSC SFC:  10 AMeV (H.I.), 17~35 MeV (p) SSC:  100 AMeV (H.I.),  110 MeV (p) CSRm:  1000 AMeV (H.I.),  2.8 GeV (p) RIBLL1: RIBs at tens of AMeV RIBLL2: RIBs at hundreds of A MeV CSRe: storage ring with deceleration RIBLL2 RIBLL1

4. Introduction to HIRFL: Exp. Sites ① Low energy site in general ② Atomic physics exp. site SHANS ③ SHANS - Spectrometer for Heavy Atom and Nuclear Structure ④ Heavy ion irradiation exp. site RIBLL1 ⑤ RIBLL1 – 1st Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou 10 ETF ⑥ ETF – External Target Facility at CSR ⑦ CSRe – Experimental Ring ⑧ PISA ⑨ Tumor therapy site HPLUS

5. Present Status & Prospective of the Main Equipments for Nuclear Physics Experiment SHANS: Spectrometer for Heavy Atom and Nuclear Structure RIBLL1: 1st Radioactive Ion Beam Line in Lanzhou CSRe: Experimental Ring of CSR ETF: External Target Facility at CSRm

6. SHANS ProductionProduction A/Z selectionA/Z selection Collection & cooling ， q=+1Collection & cooling ， q=+1 Primary A selectionPrimary A selection Z selection ， q=+2Z selection ， q=+2 A selection (Z, A determined)A selection (Z, A determined) Decay measurement,…Decay measurement,… RFQ 2 D1 D3 RFQ 2 D2 Slit 1 Slit 2 Q9,10,11 Laser Q12,13,14 Q15,16 Q1,2,3 Reaction Chamber Target Gas Filled Separator Q4 Q5,6 Q7,8 Detector or Trap RFQ 1 Spectrometer for Heavy Atom and Nuclear Structure

7. Gas-Filled Recoil Separator - GFRS ConfigurationQv-D-Qv-Qh Trajectory length6.5 m Acceptance 280  mm  mrad (h) 450  mm  mrad (v) Central trajectory radius1.8 m Bending angle of D 52  Max. magnetic rigidity2.88 Tm Differential Pumping System Reaction Chamber Detection Chamber Test by  source Testing with target recoils To be tested with typical reactions

8. RFQ Cooler and Buncher Under construction

9. LaserMulti-step Resonant Ionization Laser Multi-step Resonant Ionization Gaol: SHE regionGaol: SHE region No wave lenghth scanning needed

10. Next at SHANS Step 1 GFRS –Tested by the reaction(s) with known cross-section 09-10 –Aiming at Z=110 region 10-11 –Searching for the new isotopes at SHN region… RFQ –Tested with ion source09-10 –Combined with LMRI or/and GFRS… LMRI –Set up a system to produce 1+ ions09-10 –Systematic measurement of the 2nd ionization energy of the heavy atom: from known to unknown & compared with theoretic calculation… LPT –Manufactory of the Lanzhou Penning Trap09-10 –Testing... Step 2 Combining GFRS, RFQ, LMRI and LPT together PROBLEM: Beam Intensity

11. Future Plan for SHN at HIRFL

12. RIBLL 1: 1st Radioactive Beam Line in Lanzhou Nucl. Instr. Methods A 503 (2003)496 Equipped with Clover det. for  detection Neutron Ball & Wall Si-strip Array CsI(Tl) Array Built in the end 1990s Total reaction cross-section momentum distribution Elastic scattering  -delayed neutron emision p-p correlation function Resonance states

13. Examples of the Results from RIBLL1 Elastic scattering of weakly bound nuclei (IMP) 17 F/ 17 O angular dispersion plots Different slop reflects different component of the nuclear force starting to be effective

14. Angular dispersionClassical deflection function “turning angle”  “nuclear rainbow angle” Same angle

15. M ain conclusions A possible way to extract the “nuclear rainbow angle” from experiment measurement. The ratio of the “turning angle” over grazing angle could be a measure of the diffuseness of the surface of a nucleus

16. β-delayed neutron spectra and  spectra of 21 N (PKU) 21 N  -delayed n-spectrum 21 N  -delayed n-spectrum  -spectrum 68.8 AMeV 26 Mg+ 9 Be  21 N (0.5 pps)

17. M ain conclusions  Half-life of 21 N: T 1/2 = 82.9  1.9 ms  13 group of  -delayed neutrons observed, total branch ratio is 88.7  4.2%  5 new levels of 21 O assigned New level scheme proposed for 21 N and 21 O The experimental setup works even for the beam intensity at the level of 0.5 pps !

18. Part of the Planned Exps. in 09-10 Focusing on A< 40 region Decay spectroscopy of 25,26,27 P 6 He knock-out reaction Decay spectroscopy of neutron-rich O, F, Ne isotopes

19. CSRe Status of CSRe –ToF detector for mass measurement as IMS (running) –Schottky detctors for mass & decay measurement (under testing) (under testing) –Electron cooler (under testing) –Cluster-jet target (under testing) Recent nuclear physics exps. at CSRe –Mass measurement: IMS, SMS, ToF –Decay measurement: SMS

20. Mass & Decay Measurement at CSRe: NOW The end of 2007: test run The end of 2008: 1st physics run RIBLL2 ＋ CSRe Isochronous mass spectrometer 36 Ar  RIB 78 Kr  RIB Preliminary

21. 78Kr Run 53Co g 53Co m 53Fe g 53Fe m Preliminary A=2Z-1

22. Mass Excess NuclidesME IMP ME AME ME AME- ME IMP Setting 71 Br-56602(133)-57060(570)-458(585)A=2Z-1 71 Br-56618(137)-57060(570)-442(586)A=2Z+1 71 Kr-45978(1470)-46920(650)-942(1607)A=2Z-1 71 Kr-46470(327)-46920(650)-450(728)A=2Z+1 67 Se-46966(512)-46490(200)#476(550)A=2Z-1 65 As-47418(567)-46980(300)#438(641)A=2Z-1 63 Ge-46677(263)-46910(200)#-233(330)A=2Z-1 Unit: keV ＃标记为理论预言值 ; 71 Kr A=2Z+1 设置下的值是通过 71 Br 质量值经衰变能导出的。

23. New isomer states, new isotopes,…; checking the nuclear model 112 Sn, 124 Xe beams Mass & Decay Measurement at CSRe: NEXT 09-10: try to accelerate Xe/Bi at CSR 78 Kr beam 136 Xe beam Bi-U beams Bending energy, Shell structure, shape evaluation, … Origin of the element, nuclear synthesis, … PLB,664(2008)162

24. ETF I: External Target Facility, Phase I

25. ETF II: External Target Facility, Phase II New Detectors  -ball (CsI(Tl) array + Clover) TPC (at target region) Si-strip array (behind TPC) MWPC (inside dipole) Possible Physics For RIB Physics For EoS of asymmetry nuclear matter For high baryon density matter To be constructed within 3 years

26. EoS of Asymmetry Nuclear Matter symmetry energy B.A. Li, Nucl. Phys. A708, 365 (2002) uncertainty Very limited experimental evidences to constrain the E sym at higher density Critical constrain to the radius of the neutron star

27. Can be done at ETF? 18 12 B.A. Li, Nucl. Phys. A708, 365 (2002) Density reachable at CSR energies n/p ratios,   /   ratios Nucleon differential flow Hard photons IMFs: isospin transport / diffusion / isoscaling Possible observables Detector system: 2 years? Proposals Detailed simulation Working package

28. PISA Shipped from FZJ to IMP in 2008 Nucl. Instr. & Methods A 519 (2004)610-622 nn scattering cross section at CSR energies L-G phase transition of nuclear matter Spallation process: measuring the spectra of LCP, extracting the excitation energy, and comparing with model calculations  mainly focusing on the requirements from the applications Comparison of R AA & R pA at CSR energies as a part of the energy scanning from RHIC energy down to CSR energy Running as an external target exp. in the end of 2009.

29. Summary & Future Development Possible Exps. –SHN at GFRS  within one year –Mass measurement at CSRe  started –RIB Physics at RIBLL1 & ETF  started & within one year –Decay measurement at CSRe  within one year? –Density dependence of E asym at ETF  two years later –pA or AA at PISA  within one year Main Problem –Beam intensity Future Development –Hadron Physics at GeV energies

30. Hadron Physics at GeV energies HPLUS Hadron Physics LanzhoU Spectrometer

31. THANK YOU for your attention for your attention