1. ISSUES OF NATIONAL SECURITY ARE NO LONGER SIMPLE!

2. VOCABULARY Biological weapons
Deadly viruses  turned into mass-casualty weapons
Double-edge sword
A sword that has two sharp edges
Nukes
Informal way of addressing nuclear weapons
Compel
Force or oblige (someone) to do something.
Resilience
The capacity to recover quickly from difficulties; toughness.

3. INTRODUCTION AND MEANING
National security is the requirement to maintain the survival of the state through the use of economic power, diplomacy, power projection and political power.
September 11th, 2001 redefined the national view on security.

4. ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY: Military security Political security
Economic security
Environmental security
Security of energy and natural resources
Cyber security
Empowerment of women
 Military security implies the capability of a nation to defend itself,
 Political security is about the stability of the social order. 
The creation and protection of jobs that supply defense and non-defense needs are vital to national security
These include global environmental problems such as climate change due to global warming, deforestation and loss of biodiversity, etc.
Resources include water, sources of energy, land and minerals. 

5. MEASURES TAKEN TO ENSURE NATIONAL SECURITY INCLUDE:
Using diplomacy to rally allies and isolate threats.
Marshalling economic power to facilitate or compel cooperation
Maintaining effective armed forces.
Implementing civil defense and emergency preparedness measures (including anti- terrorism legislation).
Ensuring the resilience and redundancy of critical infrastructure
Using intelligence services to detect and defeat or avoid threats and espionage, and to protect classified information.
Using counterintelligence services or secret police to protect the nation from internal threats.

6. MODERN THREATS TO NATIONAL SECURITY:
BIOLOGICAL WEAPONS:  one of the most difficult challenges is obtaining timely and accurate insight on potential attacks
The public health community’s dream is to make the arrival and spread of communicable diseases as easy to predict and track as the weather.

7. NUKES(NUCLEAR WEAPONS) : No high-tech sensors exist to help break up black markets, detect and intercept nuclear materials in transit and there are no financial tools to disrupt this dangerous trade. 

8. CYBER-ATTACKS: Technology, in this case, becomes a double-edge sword
CYBER-ATTACKS: Technology, in this case, becomes a double-edge sword. “The very technologies that empower us to lead and create also empower individual criminal hackers, organized criminal groups, terrorist networks and other advanced nations
a day in the not too distant future when attacks on computer networks cross the line from theft and disruption to “destruction.”

9. CLIMATE CHANGE: “In the 21st century, we recognize that climate change can impact national security — ranging from rising sea levels, to severe droughts, to the melting of the polar caps, to more frequent and devastating natural disasters that raise demand for humanitarian assistance and disaster relief,” 

10. TRANSNATIONAL CRIME: These groups cause instability and subvert government institutions through corruption
“Transnational criminal organizations have accumulated unprecedented wealth and power through the drug trade, arms smuggling, human trafficking, and other illicit activities. … They extend their reach by forming alliances with terrorist organizations, government officials, and some state security services.” Even the United States’ sophisticated surveillance technology is not nearly enough to counter this threat, officials say.
eg: Well before the May killing of Osama bin Laden at the hands of U.S. Navy SEALs, the terrorist organization he headed had become a dispersed, loosely linked network of international terror and criminal groups. 

11. EXAMPLE OF CHANGING STRATEGIES
Security measures taken to protect the Houses of Parliament in London, UK. These heavy blocks of concrete are designed to prevent a car bomb or other device being rammed into the building.

12. TRY TO ANSWER THESE QUESTIONS.
1) What according to you are the other major threats to National security?
2) What measures should be taken to prevent these threats?
3) Which Nations according to you are secured?
4) What is the role of a Nation’s citizen towards National security?
HOME -ASSIGNMENT
1)Give synonym: Issues
2) Give antonym: Secured
3) Give meaning :  
Measures b) threats  c) diplomacy d) espionage
4) Make a sentence using the following words/phrases:
a) Resilience b) espionage  c) challenges

13. Reviewed By
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Mayuri
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