1. Matter Notes Continued

2. Chemistry The study of ________________________.

3. Elements A substance that _________________ into any other substance by chemical or physical means. Building blocks of matter because all matter is composed of _____________.

4. Compounds and mixtures Compound – a substance made up of two or more elements combined in a ________________. –Example: _______________ –____________ – combination of symbols that shows the ratio of elements in a compound Mixture – consists of two or more substances that are in the same place together but are _________ _______________________________________. –Example: ____________________________________

5. Physical vs. Chemical changes Physical change – alters the form of a substance but _________ make the material into another substance. –Example: _________________________ Chemical change – a change in matter that ______________________________. –Example: _______________________

6. John Dalton Greek philosopher and school teacher around 440 BC Proposed the ________________ which states: –Atoms cannot be broken into __________________ –In any element, all the atoms are _________________ –Atoms of different elements are _____________ –Atoms of two or more elements can combine to form _____________ –Atoms of each element have a ________________ –The masses of the elements in an compound are always in a ____________________

7. Chemical bonds and molecules Chemical bond – the force that holds _________________________________ Molecule – A combination of ________ ____________ that are bonded together.

8. Amorphous vs. Crystalline Solids Amorphous solid – do not have a distinct _______________ and are ____ arranged in a _________________________ –Examples: ___________________ Crystalline solid – form a regular ______ _________ and have a distinct __________ __________ –Examples: ______________________

9. Pressure _____________________________ Pressure is measured in __________ (kPa).

10. Boyle’s Law The relationship between the ________ and __________ of a gas at constant ________; when volume increases, pressure decreases. Temperature Volume Pressure

11. Charles’s Law The relationship between the _________ and __________ of a gas at constant ___________; when temperature increases, volume increases. PressureTemperatureVolume

12. Archimedes’ Principle The rule that the ___________ on an object is _______ to the ___________ of the fluid _____________ by the object. –Example: a boat pushes down with the same force that that water pushes up.

13. Pascal’s Principle The rule that when _______ is applied to a ______________, the ______ in pressure is transmitted _______ to all parts in the fluid. –Example: squeezing a water bottle increases the pressure of the entire bottle no matter where you squeeze it.

14. Graphing Gas Behavior ____________________ – when a graph is a straight line passing through the (0, 0) point.Example: Charles’s Law ___________________ – when a graph forms a curve. –Example: Boyle’s Law