1. I. “Cracking” the AP World History Exam: Multiple Choice & FRQ’s

2. THE “WHAP” EXAM 1. 70 multiple-choice: 55 min.
2. 3 essays (9 pts ea.):
10-min. “reading period” (review DBQ docs!)
2 hours for DBQ, CCOT, & Compare/Contrast essays

3. The “Units”… “Foundations”: 8000 B.C.E.-600 C.E. “Classical Empires”
TimePeriod
% of Questions
# of Questions
“Foundations”:
8000 B.C.E.-600 C.E.
19-20%
13-14
“Classical Empires”
22%
15-16
“Post-Classical”
Industrial Rev.
Contemporary
1914-present
Total 70

4. Make an Educated Guess…
When Europeans arrived in sub-Saharan Africa in the ‘s the African slave trade was
(A) just beginning
(B) an institution Europeans had to establish
(C) well established and hundreds of years old
(D) still under the control of Ottoman traders

5. WORLD REGIONS

6. Unit 1:
8,000 B.C.E. – 600 C.E.

7. Big Picture
1st River Valley Civs: Neolithic Revolution
“Classical Empires”
Nomads threat to empires
Religion/goods spread: merchants/missionaries
New trade routes (Silk Roads, Indian Ocean)
Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity

8. Beginnings: 8,000B.C.E – 1,000 B.C.E. Hunters & gathers
Early humans spread from Africa
8,000 B.C.E. agriculture starts in MESOPOTAMIA

9. Hunting and gathering societies were marked by
I. widespread labor specialization
II. little specialization of labor
III. subsistence lifestyle
IV. limited trade
I, II, and III
II, III, and IV
I and III
II and IV

10. Civ. Characteristics: Farming Cities Writing Gov’t laws
Organized religions
Social inequality

11. Ancient Civilizations

14. Decline of Early Civs. By 1000 B.C.E. decline due to iron
Minoans/Mycenaeans: influenced Greeks
Phoenicians: trading empire (alphabet)

16. “Classical” Empires: Rome, Han, Gupta
(1000 B.C.E. to 600 C.E.)

17. General Characteristics
iron (agriculture; weapons)
“Regional” Trade Routes
Formal Religions & Social systems:
Hinduism in India
Confucianism in China

18. Classical Social Systems
Based upon inequality
1. India: Caste System
2. China: Confucianism (rigid hierarchy)
3. Mediterranean:
-Greeks (land-owning aristocrats; slaves)
-Romans (land-owning patricians; plebians; slaves)
Needed inequalities to control/enforce production
Limited resources - someone needs to be incontrol of it
Governing group wants to maintain power, fend off invaders

19. Chinese Dynasties Shang, Zhou, Qin, Han Sui, Tang, Song
Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic
Mao & Deng

20. Shang (1700 - 1027 BCE) Aristocracy ruled Writing, bronze, silk
Ancestor worship

21. Zhou (1027 - 250 BCE) Longest lasting Dynasty
Beginning of Mandate of Heaven
Taoism & Confucianism introduced
Feudal
Built roads, expanded trade
Ended with: “Warring States Period”

22. China: Qin & Han
Qin dynasty– Legalist (strict & severe)
Emperor Shi Huangdi (:Terra Cotta Warriors”)
Great Wall
Han dynasty– Confucianism:
Mandate of Heaven
“Meritocracy”: civil service exam & scholar-gentry
Eunuchs gained power
Silk Roads: paper, silk
Decline: corruption, nomads, loss of mandate, crop failure, internal conflict

23. Qin ( BCE)

25. Why was the Zhou dynasty in China so long-lived?
because their leaders were ruthless
due to the lack of Confucianism and the rise of Legalism
due to the ideas of Confucianism emphasizing the duty of emperors
because average people were not allowed weapons

26. Silk Roads
brought Buddhism to China
Chinese silk to Europe

27. Silk Roads

28. Classical India Mauryan Dynasty:
- King Ashoka (wrote laws on Rock Pillars Edicts)
- Buddhism spreads
Gupta Dynasty: Hindu “golden age”

29. Gupta India
Centralized
Golden Age: military, math (pi, zero, numerals), astronomy, medicine, lit.
Extensive Trade: Silk Roads, Indian Ocean (dhow boat)
A “theatre” state
Hinduism: duty to caste; reincarnation
Buddhism spreads due to inequality
Nomads: Huns
Decline: corruption, poor leadership, nomads, overexpansion, & too diverse

32. “Classical” India

33. Greeks: Independent city-states (internal warfare)
Athenian “Golden Age” = Democracy, art, philosophy, science
Alexander conquers & spreads Greek culture (Hellenistic Period)

34. Alexander the Great

35. Mediterranean
Rome:
At first a Republic
Capital: Rome (centralized)
Empire began after Julius Caesar
Augustus Caesar: “Pax Romana”
Built roads (“Appian Way”) & Aqueducts
Christianity develops, spreads
Decline: corruption, moral decline, nomads, inflation

36. Roman Empire

37. Public Works
“The Great Builders”:
Columns, Domes, Arches; Aqueducts, Roads, Bridges, Theaters, the Coliseum
Great Wall of China
Bridges, Roads, Canals
Terra Cotta Warriors

38. Fall of Roman Empire

40. Persians Centralized bureaucracy (divided into “Satraps”)
Golden Age: Royal Road, military, coins, postal service
tolerance & trade
Zoroastrianism: dual forces of good & evil
Decline: corruption, over taxation, Alexander the Great

41. Persian Empire

42. In Africa:
Bantu migrations: spread similar cultural traits through Sub-Saharan Africa

44. AMERICAN CIVILIZATION
The Maya, Aztecs, and Inca

45. Maya (300 CE to 900) From Olmec traditions
Amerindian Civilizations
Maya (300 CE to 900)
From Olmec traditions
Independent city-states…decentralized
Astronomical calendar
Number zero
Written language

46. American Civilizations
Aztec
militant warriors
tributary empire
decentralized empire
human sacrifice
Written language
Spanish conquered w/
guns & disease

47. Incas 1400-1540 Rugged Andes Mts. Centralized empire
American Civilizations
Incas
Rugged Andes Mts.
Centralized empire
terraces for farming
network of roads & bridges
NO WRITTEN LANGUAGE…but used quipu
Spanish conquest

48. Causes of “Classical” Decline:
Nomadic invaders
Epidemics
Corruption
Internal decline

49. W. Europe: China: India: worst decline
Byzantine Empire flourishes in East
China:
300 years of disunity
India:
declines politically, but trade continues
Hinduism spreads