1.  The police may search a lawfully arrested person and the area immediately around them for concealed weapons without a warrant.  A police officer who thinks a person is behaving suspiciously and likely to be armed may stop and frisk the person for weapons.  If the person agrees, they may be searched without a warrant AND without probable cause.

2.  If an object connected with a crime is in plain view of an officer, it may be seized without a warrant.  Police in hot pursuit of a suspect are not required to get a search warrant before entering a building they see the suspect enter.  An officer with probable cause may conduct a search of an entire vehicle and any containers in it without a warrant.

3.  If the police receive a telephoned bomb threat they may enter a building without a warrant.  Customs agents may search without warrants AND without probable cause whenever they want.  Need any repeated?  Count up T’s and F’s – SCORE TIME!  Let’s Discuss!

4. Yeah!

5.  Arrest – when a suspect is taken into custody; either based on a warrant or simply on probable cause  Custody – a situation involving detention where a reasonable person would not feel free to leave

6.  Probable Cause – Reasonable belief, based on some factual info, that a crime has been or is being committed  Warrant – A Court order, based on probable cause, detailing a specific person to be detained (arrest warrant), or describing specific criteria for a search (search warrant)  Exclusionary Rule – rule of law that excludes any illegally obtained evidence from court, no matter how damning the evidence is

7.  “Knock and Announce” – generally, even with a warrant, police are required to knock and announce their presence. There are most definitely exceptions to this rule  Profiling – Inappropriate use of characteristics like race or age in determining who may or may not have committed a crime

8.  Interview – questioning a person who may have pertinent information, but is not a suspect  Interrogation – questioning of an accused suspect about a crime

9.  Protects from unreasonable search and seizure  Creates warrant requirement

10.  Grand Jury Indictment  Double-Jeopardy protection  Can’t be “deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law”  Protection from Self-Incrimination

11.  Speedy, Public trial  Jury of peers (as impartial as possible)  Confront witnesses against you  Compel witnesses for you  Assistance of Counsel

12.  No excessive bail/fines  No cruel and unusual punishment