1. E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Solomon et al., 2007 Chapter 9 Frontispiece. A multiclimate model average projection of global surface temperature changes in the decade 2090-2100 compared with the years 1980-1999 098

2. Figure 9.1. Modeling global mean surface temperature E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Hegerl et al., 2007 099

3. E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Hegerl et al., 2007 Figure 9.2. Spatial distribution of observed warming compared with the distribution obtained from model simulations, 1902- 2005 and 1979-2005 100

4. Figure 9.3. Projected changes in mean global surface temperature under three emissions scenarios E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: IPCC, 2007 101

5. Figure 9.4. Projected changes in temperature, precipitation, and sea-level air pressure for winter (December-February) and summer (June-August), 2080-2099 E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: Meehl et al., 2007 102

6. Table 9.1. Changes in the growth of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emissions required by 2050 to bring about specific warming targets E.A. Mathez, 2009, Climate Change: The Science of Global Warming and Our Energy Future, Columbia University Press. Source: IPCC, 2007 2.5-30350-400445-4902.0-2.42000-2015-85 to -50 3.0-3.5400-450490-5352.4-2.82000-2020-60 to -30 3.5-4.0440-485535-5902.8-3.22010-2030-30 to +5 4.0-5.0485-570590-7103.2-4.02020-2060+10 to +60 5.0-6.0570-660710-8554.0-4.92050-2080+25 to +85 6.0-7.5660-790855-11304.9-6.12060-2090+90 to +140 a CO 2 -eq is the concentration of CO 2 that would have the same radiative forcing as the forcing due to all the greenhouse gases (CO 2, methane, nitrogen oxide, ozone, halocarbons). b The equilibrium global mean temperature = temperature at the same time the climate finally stops changing (i.e. after all the committed warming has occurred) above the pre-industrial temperature. Additional Radiative Forcing (W/m 2 ) Atmospheric CO 2 Contents (ppm) CO 2 -eq Contents (ppm) a Target Temperature Increase b (°C) Peak Year for Emissions Change in Emissions By 2050 (% of 2000 Emissions) 103