1. Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) Dabney Byrd Anna Kimball University of North Florida June 4, 2005

2. Occupational Defiant Disorder (ODD)… According to the DSM-IV-TR, children with occupational defiant disorder display an age- inappropriate pattern of stubborn hostile, and defiant behaviors that is persistent and might be exhibited as early as preschool or kindergarten. According to the DSM-IV-TR, children with occupational defiant disorder display an age- inappropriate pattern of stubborn hostile, and defiant behaviors that is persistent and might be exhibited as early as preschool or kindergarten. At least four percent of At least four percent of children and adolescence children and adolescence are diagnosed with ODD. are diagnosed with ODD.

3. History of ODD Relatively new disorder Relatively new disorder First confirmed as a psychiatric disorder in the DSM in 1980 as Oppositional Disorder. First confirmed as a psychiatric disorder in the DSM in 1980 as Oppositional Disorder. Was changed in the DSM-III-R in 1987 to Oppositional Defiant Disorder. Was changed in the DSM-III-R in 1987 to Oppositional Defiant Disorder.

4. Diagnosis of ODD Doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists, Doctors, psychiatrists, psychologists, anyone who has a certified mental health license, or a licensed counseling social worker. anyone who has a certified mental health license, or a licensed counseling social worker. Children must meet four of the eight behaviors over the course of six months in the DSM check list. Children must meet four of the eight behaviors over the course of six months in the DSM check list. Severity of the symptoms and the age of the client or student is an important part of the diagnostic criteria. Severity of the symptoms and the age of the client or student is an important part of the diagnostic criteria.

5. Diagnosis of ODD cont. Limitations: Internal psychiatric dysfunction or Limitations: Internal psychiatric dysfunction or a reaction to a negative environment. Males are diagnosed at higher rates than females. Males are diagnosed at higher rates than females.

6. Other factors to consider… Developmental Age Developmental Age Academic Evaluation Academic Evaluation Total Environment: Total Environment: Family Family Neighborhood Neighborhood Economic status Economic status

7. Case Study- Mental Health Thirteen year old girl, frequent suspensions from school, failing grades, using drugs, sexual experimentation, running away from home, arguing and cussing with parents. Thirteen year old girl, frequent suspensions from school, failing grades, using drugs, sexual experimentation, running away from home, arguing and cussing with parents. Mother says, “She is out of control, I am at my wit’s end, I do not know what to do?” Mother says, “She is out of control, I am at my wit’s end, I do not know what to do?” Girl says, “I do not have a problem if they (parents) would just get off my back.” Girl says, “I do not have a problem if they (parents) would just get off my back.”

8. Case study- School Counselor Third grade student, inattentive to teacher, when called upon to transition to a new task would argue and eventually end in a screaming tantrum. Third grade student, inattentive to teacher, when called upon to transition to a new task would argue and eventually end in a screaming tantrum. Mother says, “I have severe problems with him at home, it has gotten to the point that I can no longer take him out in public.” Mother says, “I have severe problems with him at home, it has gotten to the point that I can no longer take him out in public.” Student says, “ He acts like that in public because his mom buys his little brother more things then she buys him. He disobeys his teacher because he does not like her.” Student says, “ He acts like that in public because his mom buys his little brother more things then she buys him. He disobeys his teacher because he does not like her.”

9. Suggestions for behavior modification. Reality Therapy Reality Therapy Behavior reward system Behavior reward system Stop light Stop light Parent conferences Parent conferences Referral to a counseling agency Referral to a counseling agency Full Service School Full Service School Behavior Interventionist Behavior Interventionist Northwestern Behavioral Counseling Agency Northwestern Behavioral Counseling Agency

10. Bibliography Erk, R. (2004). Counseling Treatment for Children and Adolescents with DSM-IV-TR Disorders. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. Hanna, F., Hanna, C., & Keys, S. (1999). Fifty strategies for counseling defiant, aggressive adolescents: reaching, accepting, and relating. Journal of Counseling and Development, 77(4), 395-404. Northey, W., Wells, K., Silverman, W., & Bailey, C. (2003). Childhood Behavioral and Emotional disorders. Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, 20(4), 523-541. Wakefield, J., Pottick, K., & Kirk, S. (2002). Should the DSM-IV diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder social context. The American journal of Psychiatry, 159(3), 380-387..