1. Central American Civilizations By: Coty, Triston, and Kaelyn

2. Location and Region

3. Toltec ● Movement: moved by foot and small boats. Evidence of war with Mayans. ● Human Geography: -religion: Toltec-Mayan religion as result of war. Polytheistic -customs: built pyramids and palaces. Large paintings on walls. Were craftsmen and farmers. Ate beans, squash, maize -economy: melting metals. Hunter-gatherers and farmers -government: mostly based on religion. Ruled by gods. Had warriors ● Physical Geography: -landforms: San Juan River, Coatzacoalcos River, mountains -climate: wet, rainy -vegetation: tropical rainforests, marshes, swamps, grasslands, desert shrubs. -animals: frogs, snakes, turtles, deer, fish, birds, rabbits ● Human-environment interaction: Lived off land. Crafted art from resources

5. Olmec ● Movement: mother tribe of all tribes. Moved by foot. Evidence of cultural influence in other tribes. ● Human Geography: -religion: religious system basis for other religions. Sacrificial buildings, temple mounds. -customs: large stone heads and carvings. Ate corn and variety of game. -economy: farmers, warriors, traders, hunter-gatherers, fishermen -government: theocratic society. Led by Shaman or priest. Social classes ● Physical Geography: -landforms: Coatzacoalcos River, volcanoes, Tuxtla Mtns., Mezcalapa River, San Juan River. -climate: wet, rainy -vegetation: swamps, marshes, tropical forests, grasslands, desert shrubs -animals: birds, snakes, frogs, fish, black bear, turtles, deer, rabbit, raccoon ● Human-environment interactions: elaborate water and drainage systems. Large cities and buildings

7. Aztecs ● Movement: The Aztecs had massive markets with trade networks across mexico. They had a three-way alliance with the Texcocans and Tacubans to defeat the Tepanec to take vast control. ● Human Geography -religion: polytheist religion based on the sun god Huitzilopochtli. Intense rituals. Mixture of other religions -customs: solar calendar, ate squash corn, potatoes, tomatoes. Adobe houses -economy: Farmers with a Marketing community, and small hunter group. -government: Military based. Emperor ruled over city-states. Had strict caste system with nobles and serfs ● Physical Geography: -landforms: Lake Texcoco, Valley of Mexico, Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, Popocateptl, Rio Grande -climate: Wetland, hot, humid. - vegetation: swamps, forest, semi-arid grasslands, desert shrubs -animals:eagles, rabbits, armadillos, coyotes, turkeys, snakes ● Human-environment interaction: Cultivation of land. Irrigation systems. Adobe homes. Steam houses for health and peach with nature. Large cities

9. Mayans ● Movement: Transferred ideas through written language and verbally. Built road systems and sidewalks for walking. ● Human Geography: o religion- Temples depicting stories of gods, complex rituals, polytheistic (more than one god) o customs- Had social classes, callender correctly predicting eclipses, advanced mathematicians and astronomers, developed hieroglyphic writing to record important events. Ate maize. beans, dogs, deer, bees, and turkey. o economy- Trading, farming o government- Kings and Priests had utmost authority. People who were claimed to be descendants of gods were in high social class.

10. Mayans Continued ● Physical Geography o landforms- Northern and Southern lowlands, Gulf of Mexico, highlands, Chichen Itza, Caribbean Sea, Pacific ocean o climate- Humid, hot, wet. o vegetation- tropical rainforests, shrubs, cacti, grasslands o animals: jaguars, deer, anteaters, leopards, armadillos, turkeys, toucans, fish ●Human and environmental interaction: they had elaborate irrigation and water storage systems, large urban centers (20,000 people), farmed the land, stone temples, domesticated cow, pigs, and goats