1. 10/3/13 Life’s Work: Read ch. 11 and study for quiz tomorrow Agenda:
Objective:
SWBAT evaluate the effects of fishing on aquatic ecosystems.
SWBAT describe the ecological services provided by coral reefs and evaluate human impacts on coral reefs.
Due Now:
1. Sunrise Cinema Summary (if you attended)
2. Freshwater ?s
3. Ocean Zones handout
4. Do Now Sheet
Do Now:
Complete the Unit 2 Test Wrap-Up anticipation guide
Agenda:
Go over Unit 2 Test
Go Fish?
Coral Reefs
Life’s Work:
Read ch. 11 and study for quiz tomorrow

2. Unit Test Class Averages (1st, 5th, and 7th)
63%
66%

3. Free Response Scoring Guide 2003 - #1
(a) Support Dr. Tate’s assertion that “the leaf litter is critical to the survival of local species of forest plants.” Include in your discussion the roles of leaf litter in a deciduous forest ecosystem. (2 POINTS TOTAL)

4. Free Response Scoring Guide 2003 - #1
(b) Describe THREE abiotic changes that would be likely to result if the exotic worms consumed all the leaf litter in a single year. (3 POINTS TOTAL)

5. Free Response Scoring Guide 2003 - #1
(c) For one of the changes you identified in part (b), explain how the change could set the stage for the takeover of Japanese stilt grass or other exotic species. (1 POINT TOTAL)

6. Free Response Scoring Guide 2003 - #1
(d) Design a controlled experiment to determine whether the worms, in fact, do change the forest ecosystem. Identify the environmental factor you will measure, and include the specific hypothesis you will test and the data you will collect. (4 POINTS TOTAL)

7. Unit 2 Test Multiple Choice
Look over your responses and the questions you missed.
1 Minute
Multiple choice question Q&A
5 Minutes
More questions?
Attend tutorials:
Tues/Thurs 4-5pm in the library
OR make an appointment

8. Troubled Waters: The Hidden Dangers of Overfishing
The major decline in the worldwide catch of fish since 1990 is because of over-fishing.
About 75% of the world’s commercially valuable marine fish species are over fished or fished near their sustainable limits.
Big fish are becoming scarce, and smaller fish are next.
We throw away 30% of the fish we catch.
We needlessly kill sea mammals and birds.
By-catch: fish or animals that were not meant to be caught.

9. Purse Seines
A large purse-like net is put into the ocean and is then closed like a drawstring purse to trap the fish.
Tuna is a fish typically caught in purse seines
Dolphins are a by-catch of purse seines

10. Long-line fishing
Lines are put out that can be up to 80 miles long w/ thousands of baited hooks on them. These are left out free-floating for days and then the boat comes back and picks them up.
Pilot whales, dolphins, sea turtles, and birds are by-catch of this technique.

11. Drift-net fishing
Each net hangs as much as 50 feet below the surface and up to 34 miles long.
Anything that comes into contact w/ these nearly invisible nets are entangled.
This leads to overfishing
Many unwanted fish and marine mammals, turtles and seabirds are caught.

12. Your Turn: Name each of the following types of nets AND describe the way it works to catch fish.
Trawler fishing
Fish farming in cage
Spotter airplane
Sonar 2
Purse-seine fishing
Trawl flap 1
Trawl lines
Fish school
Trawl bag
Drift-net fishing
Long line fishing
Float
Buoy
Figure 12.A
Natural capital degradation: major commercial fishing methods used to harvest various marine species. These methods have become so effective that many fish species have become commercially extinct.
Lines with hooks 3
Deep sea aquaculture cage
Fish caught by gills
Fig. 12-A, p. 255

13. Deep sea aquaculture cage Fish caught by gills
Trawler fishing
Fish farming in cage
Spotter airplane
Sonar
Purse-seine fishing
Trawl flap
Trawl lines
Fish school
Trawl bag
Drift-net fishing
Long line fishing
Float
Buoy
Figure 12.A
Natural capital degradation: major commercial fishing methods used to harvest various marine species. These methods have become so effective that many fish species have become commercially extinct.
Lines with hooks
Deep sea aquaculture cage
Fish caught by gills
Fig. 12-A, p. 255

14. What is a Coral Reef?
Coral reefs: form in clear, warm coastal waters of the tropics and subtropics
Formed by massive colonies of tiny animals called polyps that slowly build reefs by taking in calcium and secreting a protective crust of limestone (calcium carbonate) around their bodies
Coral reefs take in half of all of the calcium flowing into the ocean every year
When the polyps die, their empty crusts remain behind as a platform for more reef growth
Some coral reefs are millions of years old

19. Ecological Services of Coral Reefs
Act as natural barriers to protect 15% of the world’s coastlines from erosion caused by battering waves and storms
Provide habitats for marine organisms
“Goldmines” of aquatic biodiversity

20. Human Effects on Coral Reefs
Trawler nets: dragged along ocean floor like a giant plow
Coral bleaching: result of warmer temperatures and sediment pollution
Overfishing
Increasing amounts of CO2 in the atmosphere makes the ocean more acidic, which damages the corals

22. Effects of Litter and Pollution on Marine Life
Each year, plastic items dumped from ships and left as litter on beaches threaten marine life.
Try it:
Garbage Island,
Pacific Ocean