1. Arab - Israeli Conflict The Origins

2. Historians, Concepts, Groups and Events

3. How historians interpret the past  Factors that influence the judgment and conclusions of historians in addition to the available evidence: -Religious, ethnic & family background -Gender -Age -National & political allegiances and ideologies  Factors that influence the judgment and conclusions of historians in addition to the available evidence: -Religious, ethnic & family background -Gender -Age -National & political allegiances and ideologies

4. Interpretations  Zionist  Palestinian  Zionist  Palestinian

5. Zionist  Jewish Interpretation of their history and place they call Eretz Yisrael - the Land of Israel  Zionism was the ideology of those who promoted the state of Israel in 1948 and continue to do  Jewish Interpretation of their history and place they call Eretz Yisrael - the Land of Israel  Zionism was the ideology of those who promoted the state of Israel in 1948 and continue to do

6. Ideology of Zionism  Jews have a historical birthright to Israel as a homeland or state  Continuous Jewish entitlement to the region over the past 4000 years due to religious tradition to the God of the Ancient Israelites who promised the land to Moses and his descendants, the Jews.  Jews have a historical birthright to Israel as a homeland or state  Continuous Jewish entitlement to the region over the past 4000 years due to religious tradition to the God of the Ancient Israelites who promised the land to Moses and his descendants, the Jews.

7. Zionist  Ideology supports these beliefs and portray the re-establishment of a Jewish state in the ancient homeland of Israel as a heroic epic, involving great sacrifice and hardships.

8. Palestinian Interpretation  Palestinian Arabs believe that they are descendants of the original inhabitants of the region, and that Palestine is theirs by birthright.  Regard the Jews who have arrived in the past century as unwelcome intruders  Palestinian Arabs believe that they are descendants of the original inhabitants of the region, and that Palestine is theirs by birthright.  Regard the Jews who have arrived in the past century as unwelcome intruders

9. Palestinian Interpretation  Believe they have been engaged in an equally heroic attempt to resist takeover by Zionists and Israelis  Want to create an independent Palestinian state  Believe they have been engaged in an equally heroic attempt to resist takeover by Zionists and Israelis  Want to create an independent Palestinian state

10. Historiography  The study of how history is written. It is an examination of how historians interpret the past, and how these interpretations change over time.  It examines both historians and the availability of sources at a particular time.  Explains why certain conclusions were reached, and why and how they are revised.  The study of how history is written. It is an examination of how historians interpret the past, and how these interpretations change over time.  It examines both historians and the availability of sources at a particular time.  Explains why certain conclusions were reached, and why and how they are revised.

11. Significant historiographical issues in the study  1947- 1949 war and the Palestinian exodus  Whether the 1967 war was the result of Arab provocation or Israel’s desire for territorial expansion  1947- 1949 war and the Palestinian exodus  Whether the 1967 war was the result of Arab provocation or Israel’s desire for territorial expansion

12. Historians of the A-I Conflict Arab: -Fouad Ajami -George Antonius -Mohamed Heikal -A.H. Hourani -Ibrahim Abu-Lughod Arab: -Fouad Ajami -George Antonius -Mohamed Heikal -A.H. Hourani -Ibrahim Abu-Lughod  Palestinian: -Henry Cattan -Rashid Khalidi -Walid Khalidi -Nur Masalha -Edward Said

13. Historians of the A-I Conflict  Zionist: -Martin Gilbert -Efraim Karsch -Bernard Lewis -Howard Sachar -Shabtai Teveth  Zionist: -Martin Gilbert -Efraim Karsch -Bernard Lewis -Howard Sachar -Shabtai Teveth  Post - Zionist: -Simha Flapan -Benny Morris -Ilan Pappe -Tom Segev -Avi Shlaim

14. Palestine or Israel  Did the ‘Palestinian’ Arabs exist?  Did ‘Palestine’ ever exist?  Did the ‘Palestinian’ Arabs exist?  Did ‘Palestine’ ever exist?  Conflict is a contest over a particular space or place