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Digital Electronics 2 - Transistors Introduction to CAD Naehyuck Chang

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1 Digital Electronics 2 - Transistors Introduction to CAD Naehyuck Chang naehyuck@snu.ac.kr

2 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr Transistor (1) PNP and NPN Transistors Silicon transistors Germanium transistors Theory of operation

3 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr Transistor (2) Types of transistor Low/high frequency Low/high power Field effect transistor

4 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr Transistor (3) Parallel connection current hogging Darlington transistor

5 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr Transistor (4) Transistor switch Base resistor Collector resistor

6 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr Transistor (5) Characteristics of a simple inverter

7 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr Transistor (6) Diode switches versus transistor switches

8 Logic gates Introduction to CAD Naehyuck Chang naehyuck@snu.ac.kr

9 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr Ideal inverter Basic primitive gate Rail-to-rail swing 1/2 VDD threshold Zero output impedance Infinite slew rate Zero propagate delay Characteristics Propagation delay TPD Rise time TR Fall time TF Output characteristics VOH, VOL, ROH and ROL

10 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr RTL Fast 1 to 0 transition Slow 0 to 1 transition Low ROL High ROH Fan-out sensitive VOH Quiescent power consumption when output is 0.

11 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr DTL Less fan-out sensitive VOH Improved threshold Worse 0 to 1 transition delay Improved quiescent power consumption

12 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr Emitter common switch Saturation Fast turn on Slow turn off

13 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr TTL Input is high

14 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr TTL (contd.) Speed up turn-off switching

15 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr TTL (contd.) Evolution from RTL Fast 1 to 0 transition? Slow 0 to 1 transition? Low ROL? High ROH? Fan-out sensitive VOH? Quiescent power consumption when output is 0?

16 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr TTL (contd.) Fast 0 to 1 switching Low ROH

17 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr TTL (contd.) Totem Pole Pulling up and down

18 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr TTL (contd.) Driver stage Output stage Resistor Diode

19 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr TTL (contd.) Vin = High

20 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr TTL (contd.) Vin = Low

21 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr TTL (contd.) Threshold voltage Input current when logic is high/when logic is low Quiescent power consumption when logic is high/when logic is low Totem pole output stage Diode and resistor VOH/VOL, ROH/ROL

22 SNU naehyuck@snu.ac.kr Note: Some figures are from Microelectronic Circuits fourth edition by Sedra and Smith, Oxford.

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