1. Low Peak Frequency High Off-Peak Frequency Wide Frequency Fluctuation Damage to Generating Plants and Consumers’ Equipment Merit Order not followed - Optimizat n. Oppo r. Lost Perpetual Operational and Commercial Disputes

2. UFR Load Shedding - Ineffective for Tackling Contingencies Over-drawal in Low Frequency Reluctance to Back-down Governor Action Supressed on Most Units  No Spinning Reserve  No Frequency Response Inadequacy/Low Availability of Generating Capacity : Widening Gap Reactive Power Drawals  Back-log in Capacitor Installation

3. Regional Energy Accounting In Daily/monthly MU, Disregarding TOD And/or System Situation (Freq) Unscientific Tariff Structre  No Disincentive for Hurting the Grid  Conflict With Merit Order Inappropriate Criteria for Judging Plants’ Performance Compounding effects of frequency fluctuations No formal Scheduling Process for Fixing Datums for Generation and Drawal Levels No Clear Demarcation of Scheduling and Despatch

4.  Incorporation Of Effective Automatic Load-shedding  Maximization Of Generation During Peak- load Hours And Load Curtailment Equal To The Remaining Generation Deficit  Backing Down Of Generation To Match The System Load Reduction During Off-peak Hours  Putting All Generating Units On Free- governor Mode Operation  Installation Of Capacitorss To The Required Extent  Absorbtion Of Vars During Off-peak Hours

5. Capacity Ch. + Energy Ch.  UI A + B  C

6. Total Special Energy Meter Installed – 226 No. of Locations - 70 Data received at ERLDC every week through E-mail, Modem, V-sat or floppy Special Energy Meters are 0.2s class, 3 Phase 4 wire microprocessor based and record energy transmittals in every 15 minutes along with frequency, voltage and MVAR flow.

8. INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE BRINGS TOGETHER A SINGLE SET OF TECHNICAL RULES, ENCOMPASSING ALL THE UTILITIES CONNECTED TO/OR USING THE INTER- STATE TRANSMISSION SYSTEM (ISTS)

9. INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE

10. INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE

11. INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE

12. INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE

13. INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE

14. INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE

15. INDIAN ELECTRICITY GRID CODE