1. The Living Environment Chapter 9: Laboratory Skills

2. Tools for Measurement Key Terms Metric ruler- used to determine the length of an object, using cm or mm. Graduated cylinder- used to measure a liquid’s volume Volume- the space a liquid occupies Mass- the quantity of matter in something

3. Tools for Measurement Continued Balance- a tool that measures mass by comparing an object of unknown mass with an object of known mass. Electronic balance- measures mass automatically

4. Microscope Skills Key Terms Microscope- a tool that uses a lens or a combination of lenses to make an object easier to see Magnification- the ability of a microscope to make an object appear larger Stereoscope- also called a dissecting microscope, has 2 ocular eye pieces and one or more objectives

5. Additional Laboratory Techniques Electrophoresis- a very powerful tool that is widely used by scientists in many disciplines Chromatography- a technique used for separating mixtures of molecules Stains- used to make cell structures more visible Indicator- a substance that changes color when it contacts certain chemicals

6. Identifying Cell Parts Nucleus- round, dense, and dark. Can be found anywhere in the cell Cytoplasm- fills the cell. Can be clear or grainy in cells. Cell membrane- surrounding the cytoplasm. Outer boundary in animal cells, between cell wall and cytoplasm in plant cells

7. Identifying Cell Parts Continued Cell wall- on the outside of the cell membrane in plant cells Chloroplasts- green, oval shaped, found in the cytoplasm of plant cells Vacuoles- can be clear areas in the cytoplasm. In plant cells, they fill most of the inside of the cell. Chromosomes- dark staining and threadlike