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Plague Doctor 1656
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2000 Global HIV/AIDS Estimates Children and Adults People living with HIV/AIDS New HIV infections in 2000 Deaths due to HIV/AIDS in 2000 Cumulative number of deaths due to HIV/AIDS 36.1 million 5.3 million 3.0 million 21.8 million
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HIV/AIDS comes to China NY Times 5/27/01
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00001-E-26– 27 June 2000 Reduction in production in a household wi th an AIDS death, Zimbabwe Crops l Maize l Cotton l Vegetables l Groundnuts l Cattle owned Reduction in output 61% 47% 49% 37% 29% Source:Stover&Bollinger, 1999
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HIV/AIDS Prevention Condoms- accessible, cheap Sex education, early & often Counseling, testing Prevent mother to child transmission Reduce harm of drug use Access to care, treatment
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PREVENTABLE DEATHS 9MeaslesChild vaccination 98% 9MalariaPesticide bednets 50% 9TuberculosisDOT-S 60% 9DiarrheasOral rehydration 90% 9PneumoniasAppropriate antibiotics 90% 9HIV/AIDSCondoms, sex ed, etc 70%
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Costs of Prevention Strategies Intervention Cost-$/person Effectiveness Tuberculosis Rx $20 95% HIV-condoms 1 yr$14 99% Malaria- bednets $00.05 50% Diarrhea- salts,H 2 0 $00.33 99% Pneumonia- antibiotics $00.27 90% Measles- vaccine $00.26 98% Total cost to prevent infectious diseases-$7 billion
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Which way will the world turn? Will the nations of the earth make the resources available: “To prevent disease in the weakest to protect the strongest” ? ?
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00001-E-13– 27 June 2000 HIV prevalence in military personnel in Africa l Nigeria: 11% among peacekeepers returning from Sierra Leone and Liberiavs 5% in adult population l South Africa: 60-70% in military vs 20% in adult population Source:Nigeria AIDS bulletin No 15, May 20, 2000;The Mail & Guardian, Pretoria, March 31, 2000; UNAIDS/WHO 1999 estimate
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Life Expectancy at Birth (both sexes, years) Area1995-20002010-20152045-2050 World 65.0 68.7 76.0 Japan 80.5 81.5 88.0 France 78.1 80.3 84.0 USA 76.5 79.2 82.6 China 69.8 73.5 79.0 Russia 66.1 69.3 76.9 Sierra Leone 37.3 40.5 61.5
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Life Expectancy at Birth (both sexes, years) Area 1995-2000 World 65.0 Japan 80.5 France 78.1 USA 76.5 China 69.8 Russia 66.1 Afghanistan 47.0 Sierra Leone 37.3
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Infant Mortality Rate (infant deaths per 1000 live births) Area1995-20002010-20152045-2050 World 59.6 43.4 19.4 Japan 3.5 3.3 2.5 France 5.5 4.6 3.6 USA 7.6 5.8 4.4 Russia 16.7 14.0 7.2 China 41.4 28.6 13.3 Sierra Leone 165.4 124.0 53.9
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Infant Mortality Rate (infant deaths per 1000 live births) Area 1995-2000 World 59.6 Japan 3.5 France 5.5 USA 7.6 Russia 16.7 China 41.4 Afghanistan 165.0 Sierra Leone 165.4
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Reduction in maternal mortality(%) from hand washing with a chlorine solution- Semmelweis,PI 1861
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Semmelweis before and after insisting on hand disinfection with chlorine and lime
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