1. U.S. Imperialism The “New” Diplomacy

2. Monroe Doctrine - 1823  Cornerstone of U.S. foreign policy in the Western Hemisphere  USA warned Europe NOT to interfere in Western Hemisphere - no new colonies!  would be considered a threat to the peace and safety of the U.S.  U.S. won’t interfere in Europe or with existing colonies (isolationism)

3. Theodore Roosevelt’s “Big Stick Policy”  T.Roosevelt’s Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine  U.S. would not allow foreign nations to collect debts by force  U.S. would intervene and collect the debts for them → U.S. acted as International Police Power  “Speak softly but carry a big stick; you will go far”

4. “ Policeman of the Western Hemisphere”

5. Theodore Roosevelt and the “Big Stick” policy

6. Roosevelt Corollary to the Monroe Doctrine

7. Example: Roosevelt and the Panama Canal  Attempts to negotiate a deal with Colombia to build a canal through the province of Panama failed  Roosevelt supported an uprising in Panama by sending the US navy to park off the coast  Panama → independent and signed agreement for US to construct canal

8. Construction of the Canal was an accomplishment of modern technology

9. Importance of the Canal  Move navy from ocean to ocean - no need for 2 ocean fleet  Greatly reduced the time for goods to be transported  US better able to protect its interests

10. Taft’s Dollar Diplomacy  Mildly expansionist  Depended on investors’ dollars rather than military power  Goal: to promote U.S. trade by supporting American businesses overseas

11. Examples of Dollar Diplomacy  1911 – attempted to have American bankers included in international plan to invest in railroads in China  1912-Taft ordered Marines into Nicaragua when civil war threatened to prevent repayment of US bank loan

12. Wilson’s Moral Diplomacy  A moral approach to foreign affairs  Opposed imperialism, the “big stick” and dollar diplomacy  U.S. would respect other nations’ rights and would support the spread of democracy  Goal: Do the right thing and lead by example

13. Examples of Moral Diplomacy  1916 - In the Philippines- territorial status and promised independence  1917 - Puerto Rico- U.S. citizenship granted to Puerto Rican people; granted limited self-government  1914 - Panama Canal – Congress repealed law granting U.S. ships exemption from paying tolls

14. Moral Diplomacy failed  1915 – sent Marines into Haiti civil war  1917 – sent Marines into the Dominican Republic  In Mexico – “Watchful Waiting” – for government supporting civil rights & free elections  1914 – U.S. troops sent to occupy the Mexican port of Vera Cruz  1916 – Pancho Villa raided New Mexico, killing 19 Americans; Wilson sent forces into northern Mexico until 1917