1. Some questions to think about as you watch the ads… Write down five sentences that capture main themes found across these advertisements? What words strike you as most important? Write down first five images that you found most compelling in the US Army examples Describe the music in the US Army advertisement What are the main differences between the advertisements?

2. ARE WARRIORS BORN OR ARE THEY MADE? US army http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vKciWKsWHJc&feature=related http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RwvCV0QuQKU&feature=related Britain (5:35) http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=DyWQinmBjBk&feature=related Canada: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5K69jwRkm04&list=PL302720FD5E03FCAD &index=4&feature=plpp http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5K69jwRkm04&list=PL302720FD5E03FCAD &index=4&feature=plpp Lots of other examples: http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL302720FD5E03FCAD&feature=playlist -comment http://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL302720FD5E03FCAD&feature=playlist -comment Saving Private Ryan: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_y1YL9C8Hfw We’ll watch: Soldiers of Conscience

3. WHY IS WAR PRESENT ACROSS CULTURES, TIME, AND SOCIETIES? What’s the first image? Human aggression, selective aggression, & decision making theory What to philosophers say about individuals?: Original sin causes violence (Augustine) Rationality and the security dilemma in the state of nature causes violence (Hobbes) What do psychologists say?: Freud: The life instinct (Eros), the death instinct (Thanatos), and outlets for violence Do nationalism and war externalize an innate desire for domestic violence?

4. WHY MIGHT VIOLENCE PAY OFF GENETICALLY? Konrad Lorenz, On Aggression (1966); Jane Goodal’s work on chimpanzees (1980s): Ethology tells us that men and some primates belong to a very small subset of mammals that engage in intraspecific violence to the death Our two driving instinctual impulses: We work together and we are violent How is violence related to: survival of the gene pool, beneficial hierarchy, & the passing along of better gene pools? Territoriality, resource competition, and aggression: Why might they be connected? What happens when social adaptation to new environments outpaces genetic change?: How do thumbs and tools relate to our missing appeasement gestures or universally accepted rituals of limited violence? How have the development of culture, morality, and language impacted our biological impulses towards violence? Adherence to authority as a biological response to external and internal needs for violence