1. Visceral motor neuron (preganglionic) located in the (intermedio)lateral horn of the spinal cord from T-1 to L-2. Axons travel to ganglionic neuron via 1 of 3 paths: 1. enter the sympathetic chain via the white ramus and terminate there or ascend or descend a few segments before terminating 2. enter via the white ramus and exit via a splanchnic nerve and terminate in a prevertebral (collateral) ganglion Figure 60-2; Guyton & Hall Physiologic Anatomy of the Sympathetic Nervous System 3. Enter via the white ramus and exit via a splanchnic nerve and terminate in the adrenal medulla

2. Sympathetic Nervous System Figure 60-1; Guyton & Hall

3. Sympathetic Organization

4. Figure 16.4a Sympathetic Chain

5. Collateral Ganglia

6. Adrenal Gland

7. Sympathetic Distribution

8. Figure 60-3; Guyton & Hall Parasympathetic Nervous System

9. Parasympathetic Organization

10. Parasympathetic Distribution

11. Neurotransmitters

12. Receptors of the Autonomic Nervous System sympathetic parasympathetic preganglionic neuron postganglionic neuron nicotinic receptors muscarinic receptors adrenergic receptors

13. Pharmacology of the Sympathetic Nervous System adrenergic or sympathomimetic drugs act like norepi and epi these drugs have an effect which is much more prolonged than that of either norepi or epi –isoproterenol stimulates both beta 1 and beta 2 receptors (e.g. increases heart rate) –albuterol stimulates only beta 2 receptors (e.g. bronchodilation) some drugs act indirectly by increasing the release of norepi from its storage terminals –amphetamine

14. Pharmacology of the Sympathetic Nervous System Example - drugs that block the effect of norepi and epi beta blockers –beta 1 - metoprolol

15. Pharmacology of the Parasympathetic Nervous System parasympathomimetic drugs –nicotine activates nicotinic receptors cholinesterase inhibitors –neostigmine potentiates the effect of acetylcholine antimuscarinic drugs –atropine blocks the effect of acetylcholine on effector cells