1. THROW Pattern PUSH Pattern
proximal segments in front of projectile with distal segments behind projectile
sequential for  v
curvilinear path
mostly wheel-axle
all segments behind projectile pushing the projectile or load
simultaneous for  F
rectilinear path
mostly lever motions

2. Movement Patterns - Related Skills

3. Constraints: Throw/Push Continuum
Mass of projectile
Volume/Size of projectile
Shape/Profile of projectile
Target Area for projectile
Strength/Power of person
Skill of person

4. OPEN Kinetic Chain CLOSED Kinetic Chain
Throw or Kick
End Segment Free [e.g. hand, foot]
sequential movement of body segments
Jump or Push or Pull
End Segment Restrained [e.g. foot, hand]
simultaneous movement of body segments

5. Throwlike Patterns 1. Proximal Parts Move First
2. Distal Parts Lag Behind
3. Achieve either : maximum distance [ HORZ or VERT ] OR maximum velocity

6. compare the positions of the pinstripes in hip region versus shoulder region

7. magnitude of Radius influenced by Mass of object
FIG 7.4
Page 233
magnitude of Radius influenced by Mass of object

8. Note position of shoulders relative to hips in each photo

9. Shoulder Medial Rotation Axle > Upper Arm Shld to Elbow
Wheel > Forearm Arm/Racquet

10. Elbow Extension during final phase of Shoulder Medial Rotation

11. 2. A rotates cw while B and C lag behind
Fig J.1
page 338
1. segment A is accelerated which gives L to entire system: segments A, B, and C
2. A rotates cw while B and C lag behind
3. A is THEN decelerated by muscle T
4. To conserve L, B accelerates cw THEN decelerates, C then accelerates cw

12. transfer L to arm by reducing/stopping L in shoulders

13.  End Point v due to decreasing r
See FIG. J.1 on page L= mk² x 
initial k is from axis “a” to top of segment C
when segment A decelerates, the k changes to the distance from axis “b” to top of segment C
when segment B decelerates, the k changes to the distance from axis “c” to top of segment C

14. v = r 
final velocity of hand or foot or release/impact determines projectile v
r =  d from the axis of rotation [e.g. joint] and the contact point of release/impact
see FIG J.12 on page 352 with regard to r

15. Kinetic Link Characteristics
system of linked segments with a fixed base and a free open end
more massive proximal end
least massive distal end
initial motion caused by T applied to base
T gives entire system L L= mk² x  OR L = I

16. Sequential Motions
1. proximal/massive segments move first giving L to entire system
2. external T decelerates proximal segments
3. to conserve L, next segment, which is less massive, accelerates with rotation now occurring about a new axis and a smaller k
4. Each successive segment/link accelerates achieving   than previous segment due to both m and k getting progressively smaller

17. Airborne Reaction Rotation
while airborne, if a person initiates rotation about any axis,
a reaction rotation will occur in the opposite direction about that same axis
due to the law of conservation of angular momentum
turntable demo

18. Minimizing Airborne Reaction Rotation
VB spiker abducts hip and/or flexes knees to  I (I = mk²) in lower extremities

19. Reaction Rotation in upper body of the kicker
Note:
Reaction Rotation in upper body of the kicker

20. Lever Motions Wheel-Axle
Flexion/Extension
Protraction/Retraction
Abduction/Adduction
Medial/Lateral Rotate
Pronate/Supinate
Inversion/Eversion

21. example of one of the wheel-axle mechanisms in kicking

22. Wheel-Axle Motions muscle T rotates a bone which becomes an axle
the wheel is the adjacent segment positioned at an angle to the axle
the wheel r (radius) is modified via flexion/extension or adduction/abduction
Small Wheel  Big Wheel 

23. THROW / PUSH for Speed and Accuracy
FIG J.8
page 349
FIG J.10
page 350