1. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim ©2009 sibio@att.netsibio@att.net SI Online (practice questions) Spring 2009 Topic 25, 26 Woody Stems and Secondary Xylem Dr. Hughey’s Bio 3 Botany Lab.,

2. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 What cause a plant to grow laterally (secondary growth)? (two things) What is the name of the tip of a plant shoot or root that cause the plant to increase in length (primary growth)? Apical meristem Vascular cambium Cork cambium Where is the primary growth of vascular system derived from? Procambium

3. A B CD E F G H I J A: B: C: D: E: F: G: H: I: J: Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Secondary phloem Primary phloem Epidermis Periderm Cortex Dilated phloem ray Vascular cambium Secondary xylem Xylem ray Primary xylem Label Which one causes secondary growth (grow in girth) in plants? G: Vascular cambium

4. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 A B C D E F replaces the epidermis What is the name of outer tissue that replaces the epidermis as the secondary protective tissue of the plant? Periderm B: Cork(phellem), C: Cork cambium, D: Phelloderm A: B: C: D: E: F: Epidermis Cork Cork cambium Phelloderm Collenchyma Parenchyma Label. It consists of three parts. What are they? What is the name of meristem that produces the periderm? C: Cork cambium

5. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 A B C D E F G I A: B: C: D: E: F: G(1,2,&3): H(line): I: Vascular cambium Lenticel Cortex Periderm Phloem ray Secondary xylem Growth rings Xylem ray Pith H Label. Which part can be used to estimate the age of plant? Parenchyma(ground tissue) What type of tissue in the structure I? G: growth ring What is the function of structure B? Gas exchange

6. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 A B C D E F A: B: C: D: E: F: G(b/w C and D) Lenticel Epidermis Cork Phelloderm Cortex Cuticle Cork cambium Label Which one causes secondary growth (grow in girth) in plants? G: Cork cambium What is function of structure A?Lenticel: gas exchange G Is the structure G living or nonliving tissue at maturity? Cork cambium:Living tissue Is the structure C living or nonliving tissue at maturity? Cork: Non-living tissue Is the structure D living or nonliving tissue at maturity? Phlelloderm: Living parenchyma tissue

7. A B C D E Label. A: B: C: D: E: epidermis(dead) Cork Cork cambium Phelloderm Cortex Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Is the structure C living or nonliving tissue at maturity? Cork cambium:Living tissue Is the structure B living or nonliving tissue at maturity? Cork: Non-living tissue Is the structure D living or nonliving tissue at maturity? Phlelloderm: Living parenchyma tissue What is collectively called the structure B, C, & D?Periderm

8. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 A: Sap wood B: Heart wood A Secondary xylemWhat is wood? What are names of A& B? B Is part B living or non-living(dead) tissue? Heartwood: Non-living(dead) tissue Is part A living or non-living(dead) tissue? Sapwood: Living tissue What is the function of A? Sapwood: Water conducting Reserve materials What is the function of B? Heartwood: Support but non-conducting

9. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 A B C D G E F Label. A: B: C: D: E: F: G: Outer bark Inner bark (secondary phloem) Vascular cambium Secondary xylem Growth ring Phloem ray Xylem ray What is collectively called all the tissues outside the structure C? Bark What consists of? Secondary phloem& periderm

10. Label. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 A B C E D A: B: C: D: E: F: Terminal bud Lateral bud Terminal bud-scale scars Bud scar Leaf scar Lenticels F G H I J G: H: I: J: K: Terminal bud Lateral bud Terminal bud-scale scars Leaf scar Lenticels K What is the function of structure F or K? Lenticels: Gas exchange

11. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 How can we estimate the age of stem in a plant? Count the portion of the stem between terminal bud- scale scars. How old is the left stem?6-year old What is the name of yellowish structure? Function? Lenticel: gas exchange

12. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 6-year old Count the growth rings. How can we estimate the age of a plant? How old is the left plant?

13. What kinds of plant can be this structure seen in? A B Softwood? hardwood? How do you know? Softwood; Tracheids only present. A: B: Resin duct Ray Conifers Label. What is the function of A? Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Secrete and carry resin. What type of vascular tissue are you seen? Secondary xylem

14. Hardwod; Both tracheids & vessel elements present. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Magnoliids and Eudicots Softwood? hardwood? How do you know? What kinds of plant can be this structure seen in? What type of vascular tissue are you seen? Secondary xylem

15. Softwood? Hardwood? Softwood Hardwood Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 A B Which one, A or B is early wood? Late wood? A: late wood vessel B: early wood vessel SoftwoodHardwood

16. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 What kind of section are you seen in each? Radial section Transverse section Tangential section

17. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 What kind of section are you seen in each? Radial section Transverse section Radial section Tangential section

18. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Radial sectionTransverse section Tangential section

19. Designed by Pyeongsug Kim, ©2009 Radial section Transverse sectionTangential section