1. Bell Ringer for Chinese Civilization
What jobs did the people of the Xia dynasty have?
What jobs did the people of the Shang dynasty have?
What is divine right?
What major structure was built during the Qin (Chin) dynasty?
What was a major accomplishment of Shi Huangdi?

2. Ancient Greece

3. Map of Greek World

4. Greece
Greece is located in the Balkan peninsula in the Mediterranean sea

5. Mycenaean Era
The Mycenaean civilization dominated Greece from BC
They also made their living through trade by the sea
The Mycenaeans mostly lived in city-states on the mainland of Greece
Each city-state was controlled by its own king and was surrounded by huge walls to keep invaders out

6. Mycenaean Era
Most famous conflict of the Mycenaean era was the Trojan War
Many of the tales of the Mycenaeans were written down by a blind poet in 750 BC named Homer
Homer wrote the 2 epic tales of The Iliad and The Odyssey
The Mycenaeans were conquered by the Dorians and many skills like the art of writing were lost in Greece

7. Rise of City States
Greece developed many small cities which were divided from one another by mountains or water
Each city-states included a main city and the surrounding countryside
Different city-states were serious rivals of one another and engaged in war frequently
Greeks referred to city-states as the polis

8. Development of City States
Originally, city states were developed as a monarchy (leader decided by heredity)
However, wealthy landowners wanted power for themselves and took over the leadership of the city states
This is called an aristocracy- leadership by landholding elite class
After that, control changed into the hands of the oligarchy or control by a small group

9. Sparta
After the Dorians conquered parts of Greece, they built the city-state of Sparta
The Dorians turned the people that already lived in the area into slaves called helots
The government of Sparta was led by 2 kings and a council to advise the kings

10. Sparta Sparta focused mainly on their military
Men were trained to be soldiers from birth and serve as warriors
After age 30, they could join the assembly which was a group that approved all major decisions for the city-state
Women were expected to produce sons for the Spartan army and some woman ran the family land while husbands were in war

11. Military
The military also began to develop with the shift from bronze to iron weapons
As iron was cheaper, a new method know as the phalanx was developed.
The phalanx method was difficult to master and require hours of training

12. Athens
Athens also began as a monarchy that turned into an aristocracy like Sparta
Discontent with the aristocracy led to an eventual switch to a democracy or government by the people
Athens was not a true democracy because only landowning men could participate in government of the democracy

13. Athens
Athens was far less militant and placed a higher focus on knowledge and learning
Men took on jobs like merchants and landowners in addition to time spent in the military
Women were expected to maintain the home and rarely left the house unless it was for a religious celebration

14. Philosophers of Greece
There were many great thinkers or philosophers in Ancient Greece
Philosophy means the “love of wisdom”
Philosophers used rational thinking and logic for their ideas
Philosophers were masters of rhetoric or art of speaking

15. Socrates Socrates created the Socratic method
Ask questions and then question the answers to help people think more fully about their responses
Socrates was put on trial because of his constant questioning. People believed he was dishonoring the gods
He was sentenced to death at the age of 70

16. Plato
Plato was a student of Socrates and also emphasized the importance of reason
Rejected Athenian society due to the death of Socrates
Wrote “The Republic” which discussed an ideal society
Society would exist of soldiers to defend, workers to produce and philosophers to rule
Believed men were higher than women in mental and physical tasks, but some women were superior to men

17. Aristotle Aristotle was a student of Plato
Arisotle did not support democracy but supported a single leader who was virtuous and moral
Believed that reason is the guiding force for all learning

18. Reading
Read and answer the questions for the “Life in Sparta” and “Life in Athens” handout
Honors- Write a paragraph identifying which city-state you believe to be superior. Use evidence from the reading, notes and videos to support your argument.

19. Bell Ringer What were the 2 major city-states of Ancient Greece?
What was the main focus of the first city- state?
What was the main focus of the second city-state?
Name the 3 major philosophers from Ancient Rome
Define oligarchy, aristocracy and monarchy

20. War Between Sparta and Athens
Athens and Sparta begin to fight each other in the the Peloponnesian War. The two city-states just tried to control each other.
While fighting continues amongst them a new empire called Macedonia is on the rise.
King Phillip II of Macedonia begins to establish his power by conquering Greece.
Phillip is an accomplished assassin and kills off other competitors for the throne
He is captured by the Thebans , and learns Greek military tactics here.
King Phillip the II was the father of Alexander the Great.

21. Alexander the Great
After Phillip’s death Alexander inherits the throne at the age of 20.
He was taught military tactics by Aristotle.
When Alexander takes over Greece revolts after Phillip’s death. They no longer want to be ruled by Macedonians.
Alexander shows his power by attacking the city of Thebes.
Alexander crushed its army, and sold the people into slavery and burned the city to the ground.

22. Alexander’s Empire
Alexander the Great wanted to take all of Persia as part of his empire

23. Alexander’s Army Persian Army
Large
Disorganized
No common language
Small
Well Trained
Fiercely Loyal to Alexander

24. Alexander Expands His Empire
Alexander is able to take Persia, and begin his empire.
Alexander burns Persepolis, which is the “Persian capital”, to the ground.
He wants to keep expanding his empire by taking over India where his campaign turns for the worse.
His soldiers are starting to doubt him.
The soldiers are tired of fighting and want to return home to see family and friends.
Alexander tries to persuade the army to continue on, but the men are ready to return to Macedonia.

25. Alexander becomes sick and dies
Many have debated whether his death was intentional or natural.
Poison is a possible answer because troops were ready to return home.
Malaria is another possibility because of the climate in India; misquotes are present in high numbers.

26. End of Alexander’s Empire

27. Hellenistic Age
Because Alexander took over a variety of lands, there were many cultures interacting under one ruler
Hellenistic - The blending of Greek cultures with those of Persia, Egypt, and Central Asia following the conquests of Alexander the Great.
Major Developments of the Hellenistic Age
Philosophy
Art & Literature
Science & Technology

28. Activity
On a piece of paper, write down 5 characteristics of what you think makes a good leader
Read the handout (both sides) on Alexander and the attack on Thebes
Make a T chart on your notebook paper
On one side, list why you think Alexander was a good leader. On the other side, why Alexander was a bad leader

29. Activity
Based on your T-Chart, decide if you think Alexander was a good leader or bad leader
Make a second T Chart
Choose 3 characteristics from your list of what makes a good leader and list them on the left side
On the other side, using examples from your first T chart and show how Alexander meets or does not meet the characteristics of a good leader