1. Chapter Eighteen The Rise of an Urban Society and City People America and Its Peoples: A Mosaic In The Making, 5 th ed. Martin, Roberts, Mintz, McMurry, and Jones

2. Immigration, 1880-1889 and 1900-1909 The source of old immigration was primarily northern and western Europe—England, Ireland, Germany, and Scandinavia. By the 1890s a wave of new immigrants began to arrive from eastern and southern Europe.

3. Urban and Rural Population, 1870-1920 Immigrants and native-born migrants from rural areas contributed to the urban population explosion in this 50-year span

4. This 1879 dumbbell floor plan was meant to provide four apartments to a floor. However, a whole family might live in each room. Crowded, unsanitary conditions contributed to the spread of tuberculosis, the chief cause of death in the United States until 1909. Figure 18.2