1. The Arab Empire and Its Successors
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The Arab Empire and Its Successors

2. Caliph- Successor to Muhammad, religious leader
Jihad- Defensive warfare, “struggle in the way of God”
Shiite- Sect of Islam who accepts only the descendents of Ali as true religious leaders

3. Sunni- Sect of Islam that accept any devout Muslim as a religious leader
Visier- An advisor to the Caliph
Sultan- Turkish title meaning “holder of power”
Mosque- Muslim house of worship

4. 8. How did General Mu’awiyah create the Umayyad dynasty?
By becoming the Caliph and making it a hereditary position in his family
9. List the occupations that were given respect under the Abbasids
Judges, merchants, Government officials

5. 10. Describe the Mongol Empire
Destructive invaders who burnt cities and conquered a huge part of the world through terror

6. 11. What were strengths and weaknesses of the Abbasid dynasty
Strengths tolerance of non-muslims, non- Arabs could hold high offices, supported learning, economic prosperity
Weaknesses- Fighting over the succesion of the caliphate, financial corruption, local rulers broke away from central authority

7. Abu Bakr- Muhammad’s father in law who was chosen as the 1st caliph after Muhammad’s death
Mu’awiyah- started the Umayadd dynasty by claiming the caliphate for his family

8. Umayyad dynasty- Created a powerful state; Islam split into Sunni and Shiite
Berbers- People of North Africa who conquered the Umayyad dynasty
Hussein- led a battle against the Umayyad to try to get control of the Caliphate

9. Abbasid dynasty- Overthrew the Umayyad and set up an accepting empire
Harun al-Rashid- Caliph who ruled during the Golden Age of the Abbasid
Seljuk Turks- people from Central Asia who set up a sultanate and took over the Abbasid dynasty

10. Saladin- Great Muslim ruler who defeated Christian invaders