2. Environmental Management Bureau Department of Environment and Natural Resources

3.  Ecological Solid Waste Management Act / Republic Act 9003  Clean Air Act / Republic Act 8749  Toxic Substances, Hazardous and Nuclear Waste Law / Republic Act 6969  Pollution Control Law / Presidential Decree 984  Environmental Impact Statement System / Presidential Decree 1586

4. Air Quality

5. What is Air Pollution? - any alteration of the physical, chemical and biological properties of the atmosphere making air harmful, detrimental, or injurious to public health and environment.

6. What is the Philippine Clean Air Act of 1999? Republic Act No. 8749, otherwise known as the Philippine Clean Air Act, is a comprehensive air quality management policy and program which aims to achieve and maintain healthy air for all Filipinos.

7. Mobile Sources Cars Trucks Jeepneys Buses Tricycles Motorcycles Vans other Vehicles

8. Stationary Sources Industrial Firms Smokestacks of Power Plants Hotels other Establishments

9. Smoking Burning of Garbage Dust from Construction Unpaved Grounds emissions other than the two Area Sources

10. Common Air Pollutants Solids and metals Sulfur compounds Nitrogen compounds Volatile organic compounds Oxygen compounds Halogen compounds Radioactive compounds Odors Criteria Pollutants Total suspended particulates Particulate matter (PM 10 ) Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) Nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) Carbon monoxide (CO) Ozone (O 3 ) Lead (Pb)

11. National Ambient Air Quality Guidelines for Criteria Pollutants Pollutant Averaging Time Standard (ug/m 3 ) TSP 24 hr. average 230 1 year 90 PM 10 24 hr. average 150 1 year 60 Sulfur dioxide 24 hours 180 1 year 80 Nitrogen dioxide 24 hr. average 150 Photochemical oxidants 1 hour 140 (e.g. ozone) 8 hours 60 Carbon monoxide 1 hour 35 8 hours 10 Lead 3 month 1.5 1 year 1.0

12. PollutantMobile (2000) Stationary (1997) TOG1,358,840- VOC-8 CO924,426121 NO x 114,5391,526 SO x 11,26314,993 PM ex 22,8621,968 PM tw 5,499- PM 10 19,5611,764 Estimated Air Pollution Load in Metro Manila (metric tons)

13. DENR Memorandum Circular 2002-01 (Metro Manila Airshed) METRO MANILA Region IIIRegion IV-A National Capital Region

14. Designated Airsheds Metro Cebu airshed thru MC 2002-11 Geothermal Airshed thru MC 2002-13 Davao Airshed thru MC 2003-02 BLIST Airshed thru MC 2003-03 Agusan del Norte Airshed thru MC 2003-09 Naga City Airshed thru MC 2003-13 Cagayan de Oro Airshed thru MC 2003-17 Zamboanga Airshed thru MC 2003-20

15. Metro Manila Polluting Firms As of 2000, No. of firms that pollute air only620 with permit to operate (PTO)329 without PTO291 No. of firms that pollute both air/water402 with PTO for air222 without PTO for air180 No. of non-air polluting firms339 Total number of firms monitored1361 Source: EMB NCR

17. Number of Registered Vehicles in the Philippines Source: LTO

18. Number of Motor Vehicle Registration in Metro Manila, 1971-2000 Average annual increase, 1971-2000: 5.43% per year Source: LTO

19. Testing of Alternative Fuel for Vehicles

20. Sulfur content of automotive diesel fuel reduced from 0.20% to 0.05% Benzene content of unleaded gasoline reduced from 4% to 2% Standards for Fuels and Additives, 2003

21. Ermita Quiapo Cubao Pasay Quezon City Valenzuela Congressional Ave. Metro Manila location with highest TSP historical levels, 1973-2001 Standard: ug/Ncm over 24 hours TSP average Source: NPCC, DENR/ EMB Regional Offices

22. Ermita Grace Park Cubao Quiapo Pasig Valenzuela Manila Memorial Park Metro Manila location with highest sulfur oxide levels, 1975-2001 Standard: 0.030 ppm Source: NPCC, DENR/ EMB Regional Offices

23. Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network Manila Observatory, Ateneo de Manila University Valenzuela NAMRIA, Fort Bonifacio Airforce City, CDC BPI, Los Banos, Laguna Cavite State University, Indang, Cavite PUP, Sta. Mesa Provincial Agrovet, Brgy. Bolboc, Batangas City Bureau of Correction, Muntinlupa* Valle Verde, Pasig* *for installation of equipment

24. 2003 CAA Milestone Outputs Developed the Air Quality Framework. Prescribed in the DENR Administrative Order No. 2000-82, it sets emission reduction goals using acceptable standards and control strategies within a specified time. Designated airsheds throughout the Philippines. To date, 10 airsheds have been officially designated, including the establishment of respective governing boards. Establishment of Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Network. A total of 10 electronic stations are being established to measure both criteria and non-criteria pollutants.

25. 2003 CAA Milestone Outputs Conducted emission inventory of stationary, mobile and area sources of pollution. An ongoing activity, both in Metro Manila and other parts of the country through the EMB field offices. Set emission standards for motor vehicles. Emission standards of hydrocarbons for motorcycles and tricycles have already been set in DENR Administrative Order No. 2003-25 and emission standards for in-use motor vehicles have been revised and contained in DENR Administrative Order No. 2003-51.

26. 2003 CAA Milestone Outputs Conducted emission testing of motor vehicles prior to registration. To augment government efforts, private emission testing centers are established, duly authorized and accredited by the Department of Transportation and Communication and Department of Trade and Industry, respectively. Improved fuel quality. Reduced sulfur content in automotive diesel oil from.20% to.05% and lowered benzene and aromatics content in gasoline. Expanded promotion of use of alternative cleaner fuels. Efforts are directed on the availability and use of biodiesel, liquefied petroleum gas, and compressed natural gas.

27. 2003 CAA Milestone Outputs Launched the Smoke-Free EDSA Project. Supported by government agencies, civil society and some local government units in Metro Manila, the project aims to reduce the level of air pollution from particulate matter by 20% at the end of 2003. Established an Air Quality Monitoring Board. An air quality monitoring display board is put up along Katipunan Avenue, Quezon City for an intensified public monitoring of air quality in the area. At least 10 more air quality monitoring boards are set to be installed initially all over Metro Manila by next year.

28. 2003 CAA Milestone Outputs Released the first National Air Quality Status Report. As provided in the Clean Air Act, the DENR has prepared the 2002 National Air Quality Status Report which summarizes the extent of air pollution in the country, per type of pollutant and per type of source. It includes an analysis of the current situation and identifies trends in air pollution. It identifies critical areas, activities or projects which need closer monitoring or regulation. Stepped up public information and education.

29. Next Steps… Expand Ambient Air Monitoring Network nationwide Designate additional airsheds nationwide Designate attainment and non-attainment areas in airsheds Prepare guidelines for mass emission fees Designate guidelines on tax incentives to reduce air pollution from stationary sources

30. Next Steps… Harmonize emission standards for stationary sources with ASEAN standards Establish guidelines for emissions averaging and emissions trading Operationalize the Air Quality Management Fund Expand Air Quality Monitoring Boards Continue public information and education

32. Water Quality

33. Inland Waters Rivers Lakes Coastal waters Household water supply

34. The Philippines Major Rivers Cagayan River Pampanga River Agno River Agusan River Rio Grande de Mindanao Laguna de Bay Lanao Lake Mainit Lake Taal Lake Lake Naujan Buluan Lake The Lakes of the Philippines

35. Critical Urban Regions in terms of water quality and quantity: National Capitol Region (Metro Manila) Central Luzon Southern Tagalog Central Visayas Source : Philippines Environment Monitor, 2003

36. The most common water pollutants in the Philippines Oil Phosphates Nitrates Heavy metals Plastics Human and animal wastes Persistent organic pollutants (POPs) Suspended solids

37. Major Sources of Water Pollutants in the Philippines households (domestic sewage) commercial establishments farms (agricultural run-offs) tourism sites industries

38. As of 2000, No. of water polluting firms 146 with permit to operate (PTO) 58 without PTO 88 No. of firms that pollute both air/water402 with PTO for air222 without PTO for air180 with PTO for water 192 without PTO for water 210 No. of water-polluting firms548 No. of non-water-polluting firms813 No. of firms monitored 1361

39. SOURCES COMMERCIAL ESTABLISHMENTS INDUSTRIES HOUSEHOLDS TOURISM SITES FARMS Actual water pollutant sources in the country:

40. Parameters for measuring Water Quality Total phosphorus PH Dissolved oxygen Turbidity Total dissolved solids Fecal coliform Biochemical oxygen demand Nitrates Temperature

41. Nearly 2.2 million metric tons of organic pollution are produced annually by domestic (48 percent), agricultural (37 percent), and industrial (15 percent) sectors. Source : Philippines Environment Monitor, 2003

42. The Philippine Drinking Water Standard for Human Health Inorganic constituents Constituents Maximum Level (mg/L) Antimony0.005 Arsenic0.01 Barium0.7 Cadmium0.003 Chromium0.05 Cyanide0.07 Fluoride1 Lead0.01 Mercury0.001 Nitrate as NO 3 50 Nitrate as NO 2 6 Selenium0.01

43. Organic constituents (Pesticides) Constituents Maximum Level (mg/L) Aldrin and Dieldrin0.06 Chlordane0.5 DDT2 Endrin0.2 Heptachlor and heptachlor epoxide0.03 Lindane2 Methoxychlor20 Petroleum oils and greasenil Toxyphane5 2, 4-D30 2, 3, 5-T9 The Philippine Drinking Water Standard for Human Health

44. Class AA 3 0.5% A15122.8% B 9814.8% C19128.9% D 17 2.6% Classified 46069.5% Unclassified 20230.5% Total Rivers 662100% Reported

46. National Water Quality Status 36 percent of the river sampling points have been classified as public water supply sources about 60 percent of the country’s population live along coastal areas and contribute to discharge of untreated domestic and industrial wastewater from inland preliminary data indicate that up to 58% of groundwater intended for drinking water supplies are contaminated with total Coliform and would need treatment; and 31 percent of illnesses for a five-year period was from water-related diseases. Source : Philippines Environment Monitor, 2003

48. Solid Waste

49. SOURCES Residential Household wastes, generated at home Commercial- Industrial Includes wastes generated by restaurants, eateries, offices, markets, talipapa, plants, mills and factories Farm and Agricultural Wastes Includes animal manure and crop residues

50. Institutional Wastes Coming from hospitals, schools, churches and prisons Miscellaneous and Specialized Wastes Residues of sewage treatment plants, ash from incinerators and residues from combustion fuels, street sweepings and debris from disasters, demolition and construction rubble Mining Wastes Includes slag heaps, coal refuse piles and mine tailings Hazardous Wastes

51. Pollutants Organic matter This includes kitchen and garden wastes Paper Plastics Metals Medical Wastes Toxic and other hazardous wastes other Non-biodegradables (e.g.) Disposables Non-recycables

52. Waste Generation Estimates, 2000 Location Population Amount Baguio, Benguet250,0000.38 Laoag, Ilocos Norte94,0000.5 San Fernando, La Union102,0000.35 Santiago, Isabela110,0000.5 Olongapo, Zambales194,0000.41 San Pablo, Laguna205,0000.58 Batangas City, Batangas245,0000.41 Cavite City, Cavite111,0420.63 Puerto Princesa, Palawan160,0000.39 Roxas, Capiz126,0000.29 Iloilo City, Iloilo366,0000.34

53. Location Population Amount Bacolod, Negros Occidental429,0000.41 La Carlota, Negros Occidental56,0000.5 Silay, Negros Occidental108,0000.5 Kabankalan, Negros Occ.150,0000.5 Passi, Iloilo67,0000.5 Sagay, Negros Occidental130,0000.37 Talisay, Negros Occidental130,0000.5 Dumaguete, Negros Oriental106,9790.48 Lapu-lapu, Cebu200,0000.44 Tacloban, Leyte179,0000.59

54. A study of the composition of Metro Manila’s solid waste, 1999

55. Waste composition in Metro Manila in dry season, by percentage

58. MMDA Expenditures (in million pesos) for solid wastes

59. Average composition of solid wastes in the Philippines, % by weight

60. City budgets allocated for Solid Waste Management, 2001 City Per Capita Allocation Dagupan87.17 Antipolo148.66 Iloilo12.50 Tagaytay151.51 Samal Island85.39 Dipolog60.69 San Fernando,La Union162.97 Marikina192.55 Valenzuela76.84 Muntinlupa250.45 Roxas23.21

61. Region Open Dumpsite Controlled Dumpsite Proposed Controlled Dumpsite Proposed Sanitary Landfill NCR186-20 Region 1282321 Region 251281 Region 3887815 Region 4A882753 Region 4B2341110 Region 548345 Region 637167 Region 7109101 Region 831182 Region 932--2 Region 1025-- Region 1128-22 CARAGA66-111 CAR38--1 TOTAL 7216311184 Waste Disposal Facilities in the Philippines, as of December 2002

62. Toxic and Hazardous Wastes

63. Hazardous Waste generation by HW type, tons/ year Type of waste Amount generated Alkali wastes545,631 Oil491,623 Inorganic chemical wastes335,014 Acid wastes177,127 Plating waste174,945 Reactive organic wastes169,721 Organic chemicals155,201 Putrescible organic wastes140,489 Miscellaneous wastes53,869 Organic solvents49,265 Containers37,036 Textile 851 National Total 2,410,281 tons/year

64. Major Sources Distribution of HW generators by industrial category Industrial category Amount generated Manufacturing1,356,435 Elect., gas and water supply684,678 Public admin. and defense159,765 Wholesale trade138,653 Agricultural industries34,028 Mining26,582 Construction7,925 Financial services1,597 Transportation services618 National Total 2,410,281 tons/year

65. Regional distribution of HW generators (tons/ year) Region Amount generated NCR 828,883 Southern Tagalog 642,985 Central Visayas 210,789 Central Luzon 195,014 Western Visayas 97,393 Southern Mindanao 71,994 Bicol 57,656 Central Mindanao 52,288 Region Amount generated Ilocos 50,959 Northern Mindanao43,653 CAR38,051 Cagayan Valley31,282 Western Mindanao30,142 CARAGA29,405 Eastern Visayas25,556 ARMM4,231 National Total2,410,281 tons/year

66. Region % share NCR 34.4 Southern Tagalog 26.7 Central Visayas 8.7 Central Luzon 8.1 Western Visayas 4.0 Southern Mindanao 3.0 Bicol 2.4 Central Mindanao 2.2 Region % share Ilocos 2.1 Northern Mindanao 1.8 CAR 1.6 Cagayan Valley 1.3 Western Mindanao 1.3 CARAGA 1.2 Eastern Visayas 1.1 ARMM 0.2 Regional distribution of HW generators (tons/ year) National Total100.0 %

68. Treatment Method Amount Treated % share Recycle627,20326.0 Storage373,97315.5 Unclassified treatment 359,91414.9 Disposal340,91814.1 Lagoon275,44711.4 Chemical treatment263,25810.9 Off-site treatment67,0252.8 Export38,5021.6 Incineration29,3211.2 Biological treatment22,3310.9 Oil separator12,3430.5 Effluent450.0 TOTAL2,410,280 100.0 Estimated Hazardous Wastes by Treatment Method (tons/year)