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SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 1 ALICE potential for heavy-flavour physics SQM 2007 Levoča, Slovakia, June 24-29, 2007 Andrea Dainese INFN.

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Presentation on theme: "SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 1 ALICE potential for heavy-flavour physics SQM 2007 Levoča, Slovakia, June 24-29, 2007 Andrea Dainese INFN."— Presentation transcript:

1 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 1 ALICE potential for heavy-flavour physics SQM 2007 Levoča, Slovakia, June 24-29, 2007 Andrea Dainese INFN – Legnaro for the ALICE Collaboration

2 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 2 Contents Charm and beauty at the LHC Physics motivation for open flavour and quarkonia measurements Heavy-flavour program in ALICE Measurements in preparation Examples of expected performance (charm & quarkonia) more on beauty  J.Faivre’s talk

3 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 3 LHC: hard cross sections lots of heavy quarks! NLO predictions (ALICE baseline for charm & beauty) * M.Mangano system,  s pp, 14 TeVPb-Pb (0-5%), 5.5 TeV 11.2 / 0.54.3 / 0.2 0.16 / 0.007115 / 4.6 MNR code (NLO): Mangano, Nason, Ridolfi, NPB373 (1992) 295. beauty charm factor ~2 uncertainty

4 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 4 Probe unexplored small-x region with HQs at low p t and/or forward y Charm measurements at low-p t or forward y  Window on high-density PDFs phenomenology: gluon saturation / recombination effects / CGC The charm of small-x gluons Cartoon charm beauty D mesons p t  0, y=0 J/  p t  0, y  4 x~10 -4 x~10 -6  s=14 TeV

5 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 5 Heavy quarks as medium probes: Energy Loss Parton Energy Loss by  medium-induced gluon radiation  collisions with medium gluons q: colour triplet QCD medium u,d,s: m~0, C R =4/3 (difficult to tag at LHC) g: m=0, C R =3 > E loss, dominant at LHC c: m~1.5 GeV, C R =4/3 small m, tagged by D’s b: m~5 GeV, C R =4/3 large mass, < E loss Parton Energy Loss by  medium-induced gluon radiation  collisions with medium gluons pred: Q: colour triplet g: colour octet Dokshitzer and Kharzeev, PLB 519 (2001) 199. Armesto, Salgado, Wiedemann, PRD 69 (2004) 114003. Djordjevic, Gyulassy, Wicks, nucl-th/0512076

6 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 6 HQ Energy loss at LHC Armesto, Cacciari, Dainese, Salgado, Wiedemann, “Last Call for LHC Predictions” workshop massive heavy-to-light ratio Wicks, Gyulassy, “Last Call for LHC Predictions” workshop see also talk by W.Horowitz

7 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 7 Heavy quarks as medium probes: Azimuthal asymmetry (v 2 ) v 2 of D and B mesons in non-central collisions tests: at low/moderate p t : recombination scenario, flow of c/b quarks (?), hence degree of thermalization of medium van Hees, Rapp, Greco, “Last Call for LHC Predictions” workshop Armesto, Cacciari, Dainese, Salgado, Wiedemann, “Last Call for LHC Predictions” workshop at higher p t : path-length dependence of E loss in almond-shaped medium flow+reco E loss only

8 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 8 Quarkonia at LHC:  (cc) &  (bb) J/  suppression & regeneration?  c,  ’ suppression (J/  T D ~ 1.5-2 T c )? SPS RHIC LHC 30 enhanced suppression enhanced regeneration T LHC >> J/  T D  melts only at LHC  ’ T D ~ J/  T D Small  regeneration   ’ can unravel J/  suppression VS regeneration

9 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 9 The ALICE Detector |  | < 0.9, B = 0.5 T TPC + silicon tracker ,  e, , K, p identification -4 <  < -2.5 muons ALICE Collaboration: >1000 people, 30 countries, ~ 90 Institutes Size: 16 x 26 meters Weight: 10,000 tons

10 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 10 Getting Ready for Beam! Ready to move TPC (largest ever) installed, ITS moving in MUON arm: largest dipole ever

11 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 11 Open charm and beauty TPC (tracking) TOF (K/  id) ITS (vertexing) K  D 0  K  D +  K  D s  KK  D*  D 0  D 0  K   c   Kp under study D 0  K  D +  K  D s  KK  D*  D 0  D 0  K   c   Kp under study B  e+X B   5 pr. B  J/  ee under study ITS (vertexing) TPC (tracking e/  id) TRD (e/  id) e TPC (tracking) ITS (vertexing) MUON (tracking,id)  B   +X D 0  K  D +  K  D s  KK  D*  D 0  D 0  K   c   Kp under study B  e+X B   5 pr. B  J/  ee under study

12 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 12 Primary Vertex B e X d0d0 rec. track Vertexing: track d 0 resolution < 60  m (r  ) for p T > 1 GeV/c Resolution mainly provided by the 2 layers of silicon pixels PIXEL CELL z: 425  m r  : 50  m Two layers: r = 4 cm r = 7 cm  9.8 M

13 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 13 pair of opposite-charge tracks with large impact parameters good pointing of reconstructed D momentum to the primary vertex D0D0 Charm reconstruction: D 0  K -  + & D +  K -  +  + Two vertexing algos with full error-matrix treatment Large combinatorial background (dN ch /dy=6000 in Pb-Pb simul.) Main selection: displaced-vertex selection Invariant mass analysis large distance (d PS ) between primary and secondary vertex good pointing of reconstructed D momentum to the primary vertex D+D+ 1 year at nominal luminosity (10 9 pp events, 10 7 central Pb-Pb events) 10 20 30 40 50 D+D+ D0D0

14 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 14 Beauty in the barrel: displaced e’s, displaced J/  ee Excellent electron identification capabilities (TPC and TRD) Displaced electrons (& di-electrons from J/  from B decays) tagged by an impact parameter cut (ITS) see talk by J.Faivre J/   e + e - primary secondary J/  pseudoproper decay time (p t >5GeV)

15 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 15 Charm and Beauty E Loss : R AA m b = 4.8 GeV D 0  K  B  e + X 1 year at nominal luminosity (10 7 central Pb-Pb events, 10 9 pp events) D +  K  m C = 1.2 GeV m C = 0 B  e E loss calc.: Armesto, Dainese, Salgado, Wiedemann

16 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 16 Heavy-to-light ratios 1 year at nominal luminosity (10 7 central Pb-Pb events, 10 9 pp events) probes colour-charge dep. of QCD energy loss probes mass dep. of QCD energy loss E loss calc.: Armesto, Dainese, Salgado, Wiedemann

17 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 17 Charm v 2 : D + example First estimate of statistical errors on D + v 2 : best sensitivity at intermediate p t : 3 – 7 GeV/c  charm recombination Under study: performance with D 0 + D + 2  10 7 min.bias evts 2  10 7 6<b<9 fm evts v 2 calc. from Ko et al.

18 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 18 Beauty via (forward) muons inner bars: stat. errors outer bars: syst. errors Muons “identified” in the spectrometer (-4 <  < -2.5) Pb-Pb 0-5% (1 month) W  (medium-blind reference) dominates for p t > 30 GeV/c!! ALICE muon spectrometer acc.: -4 1 GeV, p > 4 GeV  single muons in the spectrometer: b dominates for p t > 2-3 GeV/c thin: no mass effect thick: mass effect R CP b quark E loss

19 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 19 ITS (vertexing) TPC (tracking) TRD (e/  id) MUON (tracking,id)  e e  Quarkonia Measured both in the di-electron (midrapidity, TRD) and di-muon (forward rapidity, MUON) channel

20 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 20 Particle Charmonia  +  - Charmonia e + e - Bottonia  +  - Bottonia e + e - Bkg- subtracted mass plot acc.  -4 <  < -2.5|  | < 0.9-4 <  < -2.5|  | < 0.9 M res.65 MeV35 MeV90 MeV J/  150,  ’ 7 J/  245  30,  ’ 12,  ’’ 8  21,  ’ 8 perf. , ?  ’ , ??  ’ ,  ’, ?  ’’ , ?  ’, no  ’’ ptpt J/  0-20 GeV J/  0-10 GeV  0-8 GeV-- Quarkonia Performance Bkg input: dN ch /dy=4000 in central Pb-Pb. for 1 month

21 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 21 Medium effect on Quarkonia: Quarkonia/BB, Quarkonia R AA Normalization of quarkonia yields: BB yield (from intermediate-mass di-leptons), but b E loss? Possible alternative: R AA (à la PHENIX), but different c.m.s. energy, need p-Pb for initial-state effects Plots for     channel

22 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 22 Summary LHC: heavy quarks and quarkonia factory Heavy quarks as probes of QCD in extreme conditions low p t : probe small-x structure of p and nucleus intermediate p t : probe medium thermalisation (reco/flow) high p t : probe medium density via energy loss Charmonia & bottomonia as probes of QCD phase transition ALICE in excellent position: dedicated detectors (ITS, TRD, MUON) promising performance for all key measurements Thanks to: F.Antinori, C.Blume, C.Bombonati, E.Bruna, G.E.Bruno, Z.Conesa, P.Crochet, H.Ding, J.Faivre, R.Guernane, M.Lunardon, G.Martinez, M.Masera, F.Prino, R.Turrisi and ALICE “HF & Quarkonia” working group

23 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 23 EXTRA SLIDES

24 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 24 LHC running conditions  Ldt = 5.10 26 cm -2 s -1 x 10 6 s 5.10 32 cm -2 PbPb run, 5.5 TeV N PbPb collisions = 2.10 9 collisions  Ldt dt = 3.10 30 cm -2 s -1 x 10 7 s 5.10 37 cm -2 for pp run, 14 TeV N pp collisions = 2.10 12 collisions Muon triggers: ~ 100% efficiency, ~ 1kHz Electron triggers: Bandwidth limitation N PbPb central = 2.10 8 collisions  Muon triggers: ~ 100% efficiency, < 1kHz Pb-PB nominal run pp nominal run Electron triggers: ~ 50% efficiency of TRD L1 20 physics events per event Hadron triggers: N PbPb central = 2.10 7 collisions Hadron triggers: N pp minb = 2.10 9 collisions 

25 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 25 pp: perspectives for the 1 st month Detector configuration: ITS + TPC + TOF When? Latest statement from the machine (June 7): “Machine Closure: 31.8.07 Set up of machine, injection, followed by up to 10 weeks of pp collisions: Sept. to Dec. 2007” Expected statistical errors for a low-stats sample: Scaling of statistical errors according to  N evts No dedicated cuts study yet D 0  K  Detector configuration: ITS + TPC + TRD B  e + X ~1 month at end 2007 1 year at nominal luminosity

26 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 26 Quarkonia: mass spectra Measured both in the di-electron (midrapidity, TRD) and di-muon (forward rapidity, MUON) channel J/  family  family M μμ (GeV/c) di-electron |  |<0.9 di-muon -4<  <-2.5 1 month at nominal luminosity (10 7 central Pb-Pb events)

27 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 27 Suppression Scenarii Suppression-1 Tc =270 MeV  D /T c =1.7 for J/   D /T c = 4.0 for . Suppression-2 Tc=190 MeV  D /T c =1.21 for J/   D /T c = 2.9 for . PRC72 034906(2005) Hep-ph/0507084(2005) Good sensitivity J/ ,  (1S) &  (2S) Ph. CROCHET, F, GUERIN, R. GUERNANE, S. GRIGORYAN et al.

28 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 28 Energy loss, from RHIC to LHC (I) Armesto, Cacciari, Dainese, Salgado, Wiedemann, “Last Call for LHC Predictions” workshop Radiative energy loss (BDMPS): charm ~ m=0 quark  probe colour charge dependence; beauty  probe mass dependence Au-Au 200 GeV Pb-Pb 5.5 TeV massive heavy-to-light ratio

29 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 29 Energy loss, from RHIC to LHC (II) Wicks, Gyulassy, “Last Call for LHC Predictions” workshop Heavy quarks (esp. beauty) may help to disentangle relative importance of radiative and collisions losses see also talk by W.Horowitz

30 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 30 Energy loss, from RHIC to LHC (III) I.Vitev, A.Adil, “Last Call for LHC Predictions” workshop Conceptually different approach: Fragmentation & dissociation of heavy-flv hadrons inside QGP D B D+B

31 SQM 2007 - Levoca, 28.06.07 Andrea Dainese 31 Heavy quarks as medium probes: Azimuthal asymmetry (v 2 ) v 2 of D and B mesons in non-central collisions tests: at low/moderate p t : recombination scenario, flow of c/b quarks (?), hence degree of thermalization of medium van Hees, Rapp, Greco, “Last Call for LHC Predictions” workshop Armesto, Cacciari, Dainese, Salgado, Wiedemann, “Last Call for LHC Predictions” workshop at higher p t : path-length dependence of E loss in almond-shaped medium RHIC LHC

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