1. Development and Use of a Thermal Chamber Brian C. Zeichner Alfred Lynn Hoch, Zia Mehr, Daniel Topp, Donald Wood,

2. LETHAL TEMPERATURES InsectDegrees FMinutes German Cockroach 115 130 45 7 Drywood Termite 120 130 33 6 Confused Flour Beetle 120 130 16 4 Argentine Ant115 130 8181 130 0 F for 30 minutes lethal to insects A car reaches 131 0 – 172 0 F at ambient temperatures of 80 0 – 100 0 F

3. German Cockroach Control

4. Vacuum the Living

6. Thermal Chamber Collaborative effort with Topp Portable Air, Defense Logistics Agency, AEC Goal: Find an alternative to fumigation for commodity pest

8. Flow Thru Design Treating Water Coolers

10. Eight Pallets of 20-lb Poly Pack Boxes of Macaroni – 4 Tons

16. 2 nd Generation Thermal Chamber Results All product met target temperature without exceeding the upper limit All insects dead No degradation of taste, color, or cooking characteristics Simple inexpensive operation

17. Pine Wilt Disease Pine Wood Nematode (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus (pine chips, unseasoned lumber, packing-case wood) Insect Vectors: Bark Beetles and Sawyer Beetles (pallets, crates, dunnage) USA Distribution: 36 States International Distribution: Canada, Mexico, Japan, China, S. Korea Whitespotted sawyer

18. Pine Wilt Disease Effective October 2001, wood packing entering European Union must be nematode free: Made of kiln dried lumber Fumigated: Methyl Bromide Heat treated: 56° C ( 133° F) for 30 minutes Additional Concession to DoD Over five years old Less than 19% moisture Whitespotted sawyer

20. Pest-Heat® Thermal Pest Management Chamber Patent # 6,612,067

21. Probe Thickest Lumber

23. Interior volume of 2,600 ft3 Average load of 3,166 board feet

24. 3 rd Generation Thermal Chamber All treated wood must be marked

25. DLA USAGE TO DATE Chamber at DDC East and West, Oct 01 – Nov 03 600 loads – average of 3,100 board feet per load –1.86 million board feet treated Replacement cost –Average of $0.75 per board foot –$ 1.3 million in wood alone

26. Fumigation Only methyl bromide approved – Vikane® data to be submitted this spring Methyl bromide – Schedule 3 lbs per 1,000 ft 3 for 16 hours > 70° F 4 lbs at 50° to 70° F – 4,680 lbs of methyl bromide saved to date At 3 lb rate 7.8 lbs per load x 600 If half the year below 70° F then 5,460 lbs saved

27. Cost Estimate Heat Versus Fumigation $70,000 – 2 thermal chambers $9,000 – energy cost, 600 x $15 $80,000 $12,000 – 4, 40 foot Containers $120,000 – contract fumigator, 600 x $200 $132,000

28. Heat for PWN Control Simple and convenient –in-house staff –3 runs a day, flawless operation Safer Cheaper than fumigation –$15 for energy vs. $62 fumigate per load 2.5 tons of fumigate eliminated by DLA Does not affect pallet service life Meets international standards Additional information: http://pestheat.com

29. 3 rd Generation Thermal Chamber

30. All seasoned wood pallets meet target temperature within 4 hours –3 runs per day capacity Approved by USDA-APHIS for the “56/30” treatment process Does not affect pallet service life Energy cost 5 cents per pallet Additional information: http://pestheat.com

31. 3 rd Generation Thermal Chamber All seasoned wood pallets meet target temperature within 4 hours –3 runs per day capacity Approved by USDA-APHIS for the “56/30” treatment process Does not affect pallet service life Energy cost 5 cents per pallet Additional information: http://pestheat.com