1. Symposium on Multi-Hazard Early Warning Systems for Integrated Disaster Risk Management Fred Branski, Team Leader for Data Management NOAA’s National Weather Service May 23-24, 2006 Fred Branski, Team Leader for Data Management NOAA’s National Weather Service May 23-24, 2006 Global Communication Needs for multi-hazard data and information at International and Regional levels in support of National Early Warning Systems

2. Global Communication Needs The critical issues are: Data collection Coordination Dissemination Hold this thought, we’ll come back to it. The critical issues are: Data collection Coordination Dissemination Hold this thought, we’ll come back to it.

3. Multi-hazard Data and Information What does it mean: Sector specific warnings (flooding, health or seismic events) Multi-hazard events Earthquake followed by a tsunami Volcanic eruption followed traveling ash cloud (aviation & health impacts) Wide spread or prolonged flooding followed by disease outbreaks Long term events such as drought What does it mean: Sector specific warnings (flooding, health or seismic events) Multi-hazard events Earthquake followed by a tsunami Volcanic eruption followed traveling ash cloud (aviation & health impacts) Wide spread or prolonged flooding followed by disease outbreaks Long term events such as drought

4. International and Regional levels Effective coordination can be inhibited by: Language, cultural & political barriers Roll for international agencies: Coordination Brokerage Support National will to cooperate for a better good Effective coordination can be inhibited by: Language, cultural & political barriers Roll for international agencies: Coordination Brokerage Support National will to cooperate for a better good

5. Support of National Early Warning Systems “Last Mile” This is the component having the greatest impact on outreach to people Building or improving international / regional systems does little good without reliable robust national systems. And vice versa! “Last Mile” This is the component having the greatest impact on outreach to people Building or improving international / regional systems does little good without reliable robust national systems. And vice versa!

6. Global Communication Needs Data collection: Observations – roll for GEOSS Model output Supporting products & guidance Data collection: Observations – roll for GEOSS Model output Supporting products & guidance

7. Global Communication Needs Coordination: Between nations & regions Between agencies both intra and inter-nationally Between currently disparate communities Scientific disciplines such as hydrometeorology, seismology, oceanography & human & animal healt With the Emergency Management community With civil and political decision makers Coordination: Between nations & regions Between agencies both intra and inter-nationally Between currently disparate communities Scientific disciplines such as hydrometeorology, seismology, oceanography & human & animal healt With the Emergency Management community With civil and political decision makers

8. Global Communication Needs Dissemination: International, Regional & National aspects To decision makers To agencies responsible for preparatory and response activities To the public (What do I do? Not science) 3 types of communications: Pre-event (only for some events) Real-time Post event (Is the danger over? What do I do know?) Integrated risk information Automated alerting mechanisms: CAP - Common Alerting Protocol Dissemination: International, Regional & National aspects To decision makers To agencies responsible for preparatory and response activities To the public (What do I do? Not science) 3 types of communications: Pre-event (only for some events) Real-time Post event (Is the danger over? What do I do know?) Integrated risk information Automated alerting mechanisms: CAP - Common Alerting Protocol

9. Key issue i) Need for proven operational telecommunication mechanisms at international and regional levels for exchange of critical data and information in support of early warnings for multi-hazards? Issues, needs, challenges, capabilities. GTS/WIS is a key global infrastructure An existing competency which should be leveraged for EWS and disaster risk and impact reduction i) Need for proven operational telecommunication mechanisms at international and regional levels for exchange of critical data and information in support of early warnings for multi-hazards? Issues, needs, challenges, capabilities. GTS/WIS is a key global infrastructure An existing competency which should be leveraged for EWS and disaster risk and impact reduction

10. Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region I (Africa) point-to-point circuits implementation (transmission speed in kbit/s) RTH, CRT NMC, CMN Centre in other region MTN circuit, circuit RPT Regional circuit Interregional circuit Djibouti Cotonou Moscow New Delhi Jeddah Lusaka Maseru Maput o Harare New Amsterda m Manzini Moroni Kigal i Dar Es Salaam Kinshasa Luanda Windhoek Lilongwe Mauritius Entebbe Douala Lagos N'djamena Cairo Tripoli Ouagadougou Bamako Abidjan Accra Nouakchott Canary Banjul Bissau Freetown Monrovia Conakry Sal Malabo Madrid Rome Western Sahara Khartoum Tunis Ascension St. Helena Sao Tome Kerguelen Addis Ababa 64 9.6 4.8 0.05 DCP NO via Exeter NI via Toulouse (64) NI 9.6 64 9.6 0.075 NI 0.05 AFTN 1.2 19.2 1.2 0.05 NI 19.2 0.05 AFTN 1.2 19.2 0.05 NI 0.05 9.6 0.1 DCP 19.2 4.8 33.6 NO 33.6 1.2 2.4 64 1.2 34.8 64 19.2 NI 19.2 NI 0.075 0.05 NI 2.4 Casablanca 0.05 Bujumbur a NO 19.2 0.075 9.6 Libreville Offenbach Bangui 64 via Toulouse Washington Toulouse Gaberon e Algiers Asmara Lome 64 0.05 Toulouse 64 Brazzaville 19.2 Antananarivo St Denis Pretoria 9.6 NI Mogadiscio 19.2 NiameyDakar Nairobi NI NI Not implemented NO Not operational 0.05 1.2 64 2.4 Seychelles 19.2 9.6 Via Internet 64 NI email 64 9.6

11. Vientiane Ulaanbaatar Baghdad Doha Kuwait Bahrain Dhaka Yangon Kathmandu Kabul Karachi Colombo Male Hanoi Phnom Penh PyongYang Ashgabad Macao 64K Dushanbe Almaty NI Seoul NI 19.2-33.6K (V.34) 64K 19.2-33.6K V.34 2.4K 9.6K 64K64K 128K 64K 50 64K 200 1200 2.4K2.4K 64K 100 200 75 64K 1200 75 5050 100 75 9.6K Melbourne Offenbach Cairo Algiers Moscow Kuala Lumpur Tashkent Novosibirsk Khabarovsk Bangkok Frame Relay CIR Frame Relay CIR Melbourne Washington Frame Relay CIR NI 19.2-33.6K (V.34) Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region II (Asia) Bishkek 64K64K 2.4K Singapore 9.6K RTH in Region II NMC in Region II Centre in other region MTN circuit Regional circuit Interregional circuit Additional circuit Non-IP link IP link NI No implementation 19.2-33.6K (V.34) Tehran Sanaa 200 Hong Kong Moscow NI Frame Relay CIR Tokyo Beijing Frame Relay CIR New Delhi IMTN-MDCN CIR IMTN-MDCN CIR Manila IMTN-MDCN Frame Relay CIR Internet Jeddah Internet Muscat Emirates NI Id V.34 64K Internet Washington Internet ISDN 128K 19.2-33.6K (V.34) Via Moscow IMTN-MDCN Frame Relay CIR 19.2-33.6K (V.34) Frame Relay CIR Internet IMTN-MDCN Frame Relay CIR IMTN-MDCN Frame Relay CIR IMTN-MDCN Frame Relay CIR CMA-VSAT

12. Washington Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region III (South America) point-to-point and multipoint circuits implementation (transmission speed in bit/s) RTH NMC Centre in other region MTN circuit Regional multipoint circuit via satellite (VSAT) Interregional circuit Regional circuit Buenos Aires Cayenne Georgetown Montevideo Porto-Alegre Paramaribo Maracay Bogota Quito Lima La Paz Asuncion Santiago NO AFTN NO NO Not Operational 64 K 50 75 38.4 K 2400 38.4 K 2400 Brasilia NO 38.4 K 2400 Internet Frame Relay 512 K Internet NO

13. Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region IV (North and Central America) point-to-point and multipoint circuits implementation (kbit/s) Honolulu Havana Kingston Curacaos Aruba Port au Prince RSMC Montreal Bracknell WMC Washington Guadeloupe Martinique Grenada Port of Spain Tegucigalpa Belize San Jose Panama Managua San Salvador GuatemalaMexico S. Domingo Nassau St Maarten San JuanAntiguaSt Lucia Cayenne Georgetown St Vincent Dominica Anguilla St Kitts Tortola Gd Cayman Bermuda RSMC Miami Montserrat Barbados RTH NMC Centre in other region MTN circuit Interregional circuit Regional circuit Regional multipoint circuit via satellite (VSAT) 64 kb/s Rec & 4 kb/s Trans 64 56 + 19.2 9.6 64 4 Buenos Aires Brasilia Tokyo Pretoria 64 Bogota IMTN FR 1.5M (CIR:32/768) Melbourne IMTN FR 256 (CIR:16/32) Turks & Caicos EMWIN Receiver AFTN-Met-ATC 64 AFTN circuit 64

14. Papeete Honiara Noume a Jakarta ASMC Singapore Bangkok Manila Brunei Port Moresby 2.4 X.25 9.6 TCP/IP RSMC Darwin Exeter AFTN +GTS 4.8 TCP/IP Apia Pago-Pago Micronesia RSMC Nadi Port Vila AFTN+GTS 9.6 X.25 Wellington RSMC Honolulu Guam Melbourne/ Brisbane Moscow E-mail gateway to: Cooks Islands Vanuatu Niue Samoa Tonga Funafuti Kiribati AFTN+GTS 9.6 X.25 AFTN+GTS 9.6 X.25 56 TCP/IP +19.2 X.25 128 TCP/IP Washington Tokyo New Delhi Kuala Lumpur IMTN-MDCN FR 256 CIR IMTN-MDCN FR 256 CIR IMTN-MDCN FR 1.5 M CIR FR 256 CIR FR 64 CIR FR 2M CIR FR 64 CIR FR 64 CIR FR 64 CIR FR 192 CIR NO Internet FR 128 CIR Via Toulouse IMTN-MDCN FR 256 CIR RTH in Region V NMC in Region V Centre in other region MTN circuit Regional circuit Interregional circuit Additional circuit Non-IP link IP link NO Not operational FR Frame Relay CIR Committed Information Rate FR 64 CIR FR 64 CIR Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region V (South-West Pacific) point-to-point circuits implementation (transmission speed in kbit/s)

15. Regional Meteorological Telecommunication Network for Region VI (Europe) Figure 1 - point-to-point circuits implementation (transmission speed in kilobit/s) Dublin Tirana Beiru t Washington Nairobi Cairo New Delhi Jeddah Casablanca Tripoli Tunis Beijing RTH NMC Centre in other region MTN circuit Regional circuit Interregional circuit Ljubljan a Athens Brussel s Kishene v Kiev Tbilisi Buchares t Helsinki Oslo Zagreb Warsaw Minsk Malta Amman Bet Dagan Reykjavik Sondre Stormfjord De Bilt Lisbon Budapest Bratislava Vilnius Riga Prague Zurich Damascus Ankara Larnaca Khabarovsk Novosibirsk Tashkent Tehran 64 9.6 2.4 9.6 Nairobi 0.05 64 19.2 0.05 7.2-28.8 0.05 0.1 64 9.6 0.2 NI 9.6 N/O 9.6 NI Dakar 0.1 Beijing FR 256 (CIR:64) 64 128 Hanoi Almaty Yerevan Algiers Madrid 2.4 32 8 16 256/128 16 24 48 64 32 64 8/16 8 8 16 8/32 32/64 64 32 32/96 48/16 32/8 64/8 RMDCN Committed Information Rate 64 8 16/8 24/8 * The RMDCN circuit Helsinki - Tallinn is not yet in the RTMN plan, but replaces the former GTS connection of Tallinn Belgrad e Exeter Toulouse Rome Copenhagen Norrköping Vienna Tallinn 19.2 ECMWF 16/8 16/64 Offenbach 16/8 64/8 16/8 128/64 19.2 NI N/O 64/8 Baku 8/16 64/8 Skopje Moscow Sofia NI N/O 16/8 48 Melbourne 16 16/8 8 64

16. Exeter Sofia Network II Melbourne Buenos Aires Tokyo Beijing Nairobi Washington The Improved Main Telecommunication Network Network I Network I Jeddah Prague Toulouse Dakar Algiers Offenbach Brasilia Cairo Managed data communication network Point-to-point services New Delhi Moscow

17. World Weather Watch Global Telecommunication System (GTS) GTS Network

18. World Meteorological Centres WWW GTS Regional/Specialized Meteorological Centres National Meteorological Centres Meteorological and R&D Satellite Operator Centres Current GTS National, Regional, Specialized, and World Meteorological Centres Meteorological Satellite Operator Centres

19. Information management – Information exchange – 5 GAW World Data Centres GCOS Data Centres Global Run-off Data Centre IRI and other climate research institutes Universities Regional Climate Centres International Organizations (IAEA, CTBTO, UNEP, FAO.. ) Commercial Service Providers World Radiation Centre Regional Instrument Centres WMO World Data Centres common procedures; real-time and non-real time a few standard data formats; coordinated metadata and catalogues Real-time “push” On-demand “pull” internet DCPC NMC/ DCPC NMC NMC/ DPCP NMC GISC Satellite Two-Way System Satellite Dissemination NMC DCPC GISC DCPCWIS

20. GEO satellites in the region LEO satellites Global data (recorded/dumped) WIS DISSEMINATION SYSTEM DCPC (sat operator) Data, metadata & user management R&D satellites Other Sat products Non-satellite data GISC (Database, metadata and user management) Central processing Data Sources (collection/production) Regional processing Local processing Polar orbiting satellites Network of HRPT stations (RARS) Data exchange with other GISCs Nat.Centres Data exchange with other DCPCs Satellite products Central processing Nat.Centres Interoperable Catalogue, data National centres, other users ADM Other systems Request/reply (Internet) Routine dissemination (Internet, private network, satellite -including ADM) Integrated Global Data Dissemination System (IGDDS) Including ADMs, RARS - in the context of WIS

21. WIS brings new features and opportunities Common information exchange standards, functions and services for all WMO programmes Inter-disciplinary discovery, retrieval and exchange of information in real and non-real time On-line catalogues using metadata based on ISO 19100 (geographic information standard) Industry standards and off-the-shelf hardware and software systems to ensure cost-effectiveness and inter- operability Common information exchange standards, functions and services for all WMO programmes Inter-disciplinary discovery, retrieval and exchange of information in real and non-real time On-line catalogues using metadata based on ISO 19100 (geographic information standard) Industry standards and off-the-shelf hardware and software systems to ensure cost-effectiveness and inter- operability Interoperability of Information Systems

22. GTS / WIS What does it offer? Top down, Bottom up? Within the GTS we work from the middle out. We provide the infrastructure & basis to enable all the combined activities we support to be effective! The GTS/WIS can provide the middleware of an effective, sustained, reliable multi-hazard EWS as part of an integrated disaster risk management / reduction strategy! Top down, Bottom up? Within the GTS we work from the middle out. We provide the infrastructure & basis to enable all the combined activities we support to be effective! The GTS/WIS can provide the middleware of an effective, sustained, reliable multi-hazard EWS as part of an integrated disaster risk management / reduction strategy!

23. GTS / WIS What does it offer? Data availability is a critical need both for local data getting “out” and “outside” data getting in! These programs we are discussing simply will not be effective or sustainable without sound infrastructure – middleware! The GTS/WIS today reaches out to and supports 187 countries and numerous organizations! Data availability is a critical need both for local data getting “out” and “outside” data getting in! These programs we are discussing simply will not be effective or sustainable without sound infrastructure – middleware! The GTS/WIS today reaches out to and supports 187 countries and numerous organizations!

24. Key issue iii) Challenges of developed and developing countries, related to resource requirements for development of warning communication and dissemination capabilities? Don’t forget legacy technologies. Low tech is often affordable tech as well as maintainable tech and often already exists. Utilize existing capabilities while growing new ones. Identify existing core capabilities and build to create sustainable EWS iii) Challenges of developed and developing countries, related to resource requirements for development of warning communication and dissemination capabilities? Don’t forget legacy technologies. Low tech is often affordable tech as well as maintainable tech and often already exists. Utilize existing capabilities while growing new ones. Identify existing core capabilities and build to create sustainable EWS

25. Remember! For every: 1 Euro1 Ringitt 1 Dollar1 Rupee 1 Yen1 Bhat 1 Franc1 Rand 1 Ruple 1 Dinar Spent on pre-disaster preparedness For every: 1 Euro1 Ringitt 1 Dollar1 Rupee 1 Yen1 Bhat 1 Franc1 Rand 1 Ruple 1 Dinar Spent on pre-disaster preparedness The payback is 5 times in post disaster response costs. The systems will pay for themselves. More importantly we will save lives and property and reduce suffering. The payback is 5 times in post disaster response costs. The systems will pay for themselves. More importantly we will save lives and property and reduce suffering.