1. Implementation 16 QAM Base Band Communication System

2. 2 What is QAM In QAM two DSB signals are transmitted using the carrier of the same frequency but in Phase Quadrature to each other. Quadrature Modulator

3. 3 Mathematically φ QAM(t) = m(t) cosωt + m(t) sinωt

4. 4 Demodulator At the demodulator side the signal is coherently detected using to local carriers in phase Quadrature as shown below

5. 5 Mathematically x(t) = 2φ cosω(t) x(t) = 2φ cosω(t) =2[m(t) cosωt + m(t) sinωt] cosωt =2[m(t) cosωt + m(t) sinωt] cosωt = m(t)+ m(t) cos2ωt + m(t) sin2ωt = m(t)+ m(t) cos2ωt + m(t) sin2ωt

6. Matlab Implementation Part 2

7. 7 Problem Solution Random signal generation Formation of symbols 16-QAM modulation AWGN channel

8. 8 Problem Solution contd… Demodulation Computation of Prob. of Bit Error Extraction of bits from the noisy symbols. Computation of Prob. of Symbol Error

9. 9 Analysis

10. 10

11. 11 Outputs (Command Prompt) Total number of bits transmitted = 100000 Total_number_of_erroneous_bits_received = 3 Probability_of_bit_error = 3.0000e-005 Total_number_of_erroneous_symbols_received = 3 Probability_of_symbol_error = 1.2000e-004

12. 12 Applications To multiplex the chrominance signals in color television POTS

13. 13 Limitations Source coding can be applied. Channel Coding Random Voice Signal as Input

14. 14 Conclusions Transmission Symbol Rate Channel utility.

15. 15 Acknowledgements First of all we are thankful to all Mighty Allah. We really acknowledge Dr. Riaz Inayat for the knowledge that he conveyed to us. In the last but never the least, we are grateful to Mr. Raheel Satti and Usama Bajwa for the support and help they gave us when ever we required.